Lymphoreticular diseases in Nigerians (original) (raw)
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Pathology of peripheral lymph node biopsies in Kano, Northern Nigeria
Annals of African …, 2007
Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical problem here in Kano, Northern Nigeria but there has been no formal study. We therefore undertook this review to evaluate the pattern in our locality. Method: This is a seven-year (1998-2004) retrospective review of all histologically diagnosed lymph node biopsies received at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Results: Cervical, axillary and inguinal nodes were the most frequently biopsied accounting for 46%, 23% and 13%, while tuberculosis, lymphomas and metastases were the most commonly diagnosed lesions comprising 30%, 24% and 19% respectively. In general, benign lesions were more common constituting 57% of nodal biopsies. Lymphadenopathy was observed to be most prevalent in the first three decades. Conclusion: Our findings were broadly similar to most other Nigerian studies and slightly at variance with other African countries but significantly different from the Western World. The limitations of lymph node histopathology in the absence of modern molecular diagnostic techniques are highlighted.
Cytologic patterns of lymph node diseases in Hawassa University referral hospital, southern Ethiopia
Background: Lymphadenopathy is becoming common pathological prblem in most part of the world. There is a wide variation in the pattern of disease in different ethinic groups and in various countries. The knowledge of the pattern of these diseases in a given geographical region is essential for making a confident diagnosis of suspecting a disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the cytological patterns of lymph node diseases in patient attended Hawassa University referral hospital.Methods: A five years retrospective study was conducted on fine needle aspiration cytology report of patient referred to pathology laboratory of Hawassa University referral hospital from September, 2009 to September, 2014.Results: A total of 1,067 lymph nodes were aspirated in the study period. Cervical lymphadenophathy was the most frequent (48.82%) followed by submandibular (22.77%) lymph nodes. The second decade was the most affected age group while age group above 60 was less frequent. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis was highest (48.82%), chronic non-specific lymphadenitis (20.33%), reactive (16.21%), pyogenic abscess (5.99%) and the rest were malignant. Conclusion: Lymphadenopathy can be associated with a wide range of disorders however; tuberculosis lymphadenitis is the most common cause of enlarged lymph node in the study area.
Histopathological Profile of Lymphadenopathy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Goa
Background-The study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological profile of lymphadenopathy and assess its etiology. Method-Observational case series study was conducted among 100 consecutive patients based on clinical examination and constructed questionnaire. Fine needle aspiration cytology and lymph node excision biopsy was performed in all patients to evaluate the causes of lymphadenopathy.Data was Statistically analyzed using SPSS software. Results-The results of present study showed that 70% of the study population had cervical lymphadenopathy, while 16% of the study group had inguinal lymphadenopathy and the remaining 14% developed axillary lymphadenopathy. Tuberculosis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy observed in 47% of participants. 26% of participants were diagnosed to have malignancy in the current study which predominantly revealed lymphadenopathy secondary to metastasis. Conclusion-The present study showed a high incidence of tuberculosis and occult malignancy in histopatholgically confirmed lymph node specimens. Thus histopathological examination should be the foremost diagnostic tool to evaluate any lymphadenopathy.
IP innovative publication pvt. ltd, 2019
Objective: To determine the histopathological spectrum of lymphadenopathy by evaluation of the biopsy specimen and relevant immunohistochemistry of accessible lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: A total of 196 cases of lymph node biopsies were analysed. En bloc lymph node dissection in known cases of primary malignancy or associated with evidence of primaries elsewhere in the body are excluded from the study. Results: A total of 196 cases of lymph node biopsies analysed included 102(52.04%) males and 94(47.96%) females. The mean age for males was 35.2 + 19.9 years and that for females was 36.4 + 19.7 years. Maximum numbers of cases were seen in the age group 11-30 years (76 cases, 38.76%). The most common site for nodal biopsy was cervical (60.2%), followed by axillary (18.9%), and inguinal (7.1%). Cervical region was the commonest site (15.72% males and 14.9% females) of biopsy in the age group 11-20 years. Benign lesions (52.1%), were more common than Malignancies (47.9%). The most common benign diagnosis was Reactive LAP in 77(39.3%), followed by tubercular lymphadenitis accounting for 24 cases (12.2%). Among the malignancies, lymphomas were predominating accounting for 85 (43.3%) cases. Among the lymphomas, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) were more common accounting for 63 (32.2%) than the Hodgkin’s disease (HD) which constituted 22 (11.2%) of lymphadenopathies with mixed cellularity as the commonest form. Metastases from unknown primary were seen in 9 (4.6%) cases of palpable enlarged peripheral nodes. Among the patients with reactive LAP, the commonest age group involved was 21-30 years in males and 11-20 years in females, while that for NHL (DLBCL) it was 41-50 years and 51-60 years respectively. Tuberculosis was most commonly seen in the age group of 21-30 years in both sexes. Hodgkin’s disease was common in age group >61 years and metastasis in 31-40 years age group. Conclusion: In our study among the biopsied nodes, lymphomas were the most common (43.3%) followed by reactive LAP (39.3%), tuberculous lymphadenitis (12.2%) and metastasis (4.6%). Lymph node biopsy is gold standard investigation in establishing the cause of lymphadenopathy. Though lymphomas can be confidently diagnosed on morphology, application of monoclonal antibodies and identification of immunophenotypic profile has enhanced diagnostic accuracy and has prognostic implications.
A pattern of lymphadenopathies seen in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 2011
The data were collected from all patients during a period of 2 years, from June 2006 to June 2008. All the cases were diagnosed after routine hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: Our observations revealed that the most prevalent lymphadenopathy in these patients was tuberculous lymphadenitis 53% (n = 946), and the most common group of lymph nodes involved is cervical lymph nodes. A significant association was observed between tuberculosis and gender (P < 0.01) as 69.13% (n = 654) of the females presented with tuberculous lymphadenitis that was seen only in 30.86% (n = 292) of the males. Hodgkin's lymphoma was seen in 72 (4.03%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 27 (1.51%) patients. These lymphomas were seen more in the male patients as compared to the female ones (P < 0.008 and <0.043, respectively). However, in the remaining lymph nodes non-specific inflammatory conditions of the lymph nodes (non-specific lymphadenitis, non-caseating granuloma and reactive hyperplasia), were seen with no difference in the distribution of disease in male or female, P value <0.636, <0.8267, and <0.7507, respectively. A significant association was observed between metastatic lymph nodes and gender P value being <0.01 as 68.70% (n = 90), were males whereas 31.29% (n = 41) were females. Mean age of the patients with tuberculosis was 34 years. On the other hand, both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were seen more prevalent in the second and third decades of their lives. Mixed cellularity and diffuse small cell lymphoma were the commonest histopathological subtypes among Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, respectively. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is more common in females (P < 0.01) whereas lymphomas (P < 0.008 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and P < 0.043 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and metastatic carcinoma are more common in males (P < 0.01). The commonly occurring histopathological subtypes of both Hodgkin's (mixed cellularity) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse small cell) in our study differ from those in Western countries.
A Cytological Study of Pattern of Lymph Node Lesions at Tertiary Care Centre in Uttar Pradesh
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.12\_Dec2019/Abstract\_IJRR0075.html, 2019
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a simple, rapid, cost effective and reliable technique which can be used as a routine outpatient department (OPD) procedure and first line of investigation in diagnosing a variety of superficial and deep lesions. Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance and the underlying cause may range from a treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In this study, we describe the diagnostic utility of FNAC in the assessment of lymph node lesions with an emphasis on the diagnosis of non-neoplastic, benign, malignant neoplastic and tuberculous. Methods: This was a retrospective study done over a period of four years. A total of 920 patients including all age groups and both sexes presenting with palpable or deep lymph nodes in FNAC clinic of our institute were included in our study. FNAC was conducted with 22-24 Gauge disposable needles attached to 10c.c syringes. Smears were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol and stained with Papanicolaou stain. Leishman stain was done on air dried smears. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining was done wherever required. Results: Out of 920 FNAC from lymph nodes, the most frequent cause of lymphadenopathy was found to be Tuberculosis with 466 cases (50.65%). The next frequent diagnosis was reactive lymphadenitis with 317 cases (34.45%) followed by metastatic lymphadenopathy in 50 cases (5.43%) and acute suppurative lymphadenitis in 46 cases (5%). A diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorder was rendered in 27 cases (2.93%). In 14 cases (1.52%) FNAC was inconclusive. Conclusion: In our study, the predominant cause of lymphadenopathy was tuberculous lymphadenitis, seen in more than half of total cases, followed by reactive, acute suppurative lymphadenopathy and malignant neoplasms. FNAC was helpful in establishing the diagnosis in 98.48% of the cases.
2018
Background: Lymphadenopathy is an important clinical manifestation of a vast variety of diseases Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in the cytomorphological diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. The present study was undertaken to assess the different cytomorphological patterns associated with lymphadenopathy and to explore the spectrum of lesion with respect to the age and gender. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Pathology Department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, from April 2015 to April 2016. All the consecutive 195 FNACs performed during this one year on lymph nodes were included in study. Results: Lymphadenopathies were common among younger patients with the maximum number of incidence in the age group of 11-30 years (53.3 %). The most common finding was Reactive hyperplasia, 112 cases (57.4%), followed by Chronic Granulomatous inflammation with 73 cases (37.4%). There were 3 cases (1.54%) of lymphoproliferative d...
The National medical journal of India
In patients presenting with peripheral lymphadenopathy, excision biopsy of the most accessible lymph node provides material to establish an early diagnosis, and is important in the management of these patients. A retrospective study was done of 1724 lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from adult patients and submitted for histopathological examination over a 12-year period. About one-third (n = 614; 35.6%) of these patients had non-specific lymphadenitis. This included a heterogeneous group of disorders comprising benign follicular hyperplasia, reactive hyperplasia, marked follicular hyperplasia and reactive sinus histiocytosis. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis (n = 540; 31.3%) and malignancy (n = 447; 25.9%) were the other common causes. Of the 540 patients with tuberculosis lymphadenitis, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was tested in 424 (78.5%) patients; of these, 34 patients (8%) were HIV-seropositive. Epithelioid granulomas with caseation necrosis were more frequently ...
The Internet journal of pathology, 2012
Lymphadenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying diseases may range from a treatable infectious etiology to malignant neoplasms. In fact, it is also essential to establish that the swelling in question is a lymph node. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in solving these issues, nowadays being recognized as a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, early availability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of FNAC as a diagnostic tool in the management of patients with superficial lymphadenopathy. The study was also carried out to know the distribution of various lesions among the different age groups. The present randomized study was undertaken to study cytological features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of enlarged lymph nodes by FNAC in 182 patients presenting with lymphadenopathy in the Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha village over a period of one year from January to December 2011. There were 100 male and 82 female patients with an age range of 1-70 years. Tuberculous lymphadenitis, reactive hyperplasia, metastatic carcinoma, suppurative lymphadenitis and lymphomas were seen in 35.7%, 31.3%, 20.3%, 9.9% and 2.7% respectively. Reactive hyperplasia was seen most often (60%) in first two decades of life, 58.9% tuberculous lymphadenitis in the second and third decades (66%) and incidence of metastatic carcinoma are high during and after 40 years of age. Cervical lymph nodes were involved in all types of lymphadenopathy. Metastatic lesions of lymph nodes were seen to be more common in males. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common metastatic lesion.
A Fifteen-year Review of Lymphomas in a Nigerian Tertiary Healthcare Centre
In Africa, epidemiological data on the effect of the HIV epidemic on the occurrence of lymphomas are scanty. The 1990s witnessed the alarming rates of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria increased from 1.8% in 1991 to 4.4% in 2005. The aim of this study was to determine whether there have been any changes in the frequency and pattern of lymphomas in view of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country. This is a retrospective study of all lymphoma cases diagnosed during 1991-2005. The prevalence of lymphomas declined from 1.4% to 0.7% of surgical biopsies during 1991-2005. There was a decline in the proportion of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma from 79.1% and 45.8% respectively to 21.1% and 13.6% respectively. There is a suggestion that the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the country may not have influenced the pattern of occurrence of both major histomorphological types of lymphoma in Ibadan. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; HIV; Lymphomas; Retrospective studies; Africa