Antibiotic resistance genes & susceptibility patterns in staphylococci (original) (raw)
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Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım ve Doğa Dergisi, 2018
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the resistance rates of gentamicin, penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin, linezolid and tetracycline by phenotypic and genotypic methods in Staphylococcus aureus isolates and to determine plasmid content. Between the months of January and September in 2015, 100 clinical isolates of S. aureus were obtained from different samples such as wound, blood, urine. The automated bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility system (BD PhoenixTM, Sparks, MD, USA) was used to determine of antibiotic sensitivities. The resistance to methicillin was also investigated by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using a 30 μg cefoxitin disc. The presence of aac(6’)/aph(2’’), blaZ, mecA, femA, vanA, vanB, cfr, tetK and tetM genes related to antibiotic resistance was investigated by PCR amplification in all isolates. Plasmid DNAs were isolated by using a Thermo Scientific GeneJET Plasmid Miniprep Kit. The cefoxitin resistance of S.aureus isolates, identifie...
Reviews in Medical Microbiology, 2019
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance-related genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients referred to 14 teaching hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Methods: A total of 225 S. aureus were obtained from clinical samples in a period of 12 months. Antimicrobial resistance, minimum inhibitory concentration minimal inhibitory concentration and Inducible resistance phenotypes were determined based on the Clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. PCR was performed for amplification of mecA/B/C, iles-2, ermA/B/C and ereA/B genes. Results: 39.5 and 40.8% of isolates were resistant to oxacillin and cefoxitin (FOX), respectively. The frequency of constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminB, inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptograminB and MS phenotypes were 55.3, 28.6 and 16.1%, respectively. 40.8, 4, 7.5, 6.2, 16 and 3.1% of strains harbored the mecA, ileS-2, ermA, ermB, ermC and ereA genes, respectively. Conclusion: The fr...
Iranian Journal of Clinical …, 2009
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in hospital setting and in the community and causes a wide range of diseases. MRSA infection has recently become a serious problem in anti-microbial chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to detect and analyze the antibiotic diversity and isolation of methicillin resistance gene (mecA) of S. aureus isolated from Tehran hospitals as a rapid and reliable method. Patients and methods: We studied 585 isolates of staphylococcus spp. recovered from patients at 3 clinical centers in Tehran from October 2005 to October 2006. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates was achieved with 13 antibiotics by disc diffusion. The MIC of methicillin was also performed by broth micro dilution assay. PCR was used for detection of mecA gene.
International Journal of Medical Laboratory Research , 2022
to investigate the mechanisms mediating antibiotic and antiseptic resistance, to determine the SCCmec type of methicillin-resistant isolates. Materials and Method: Overall, 187 S. aureus were included in the study. Antibiotic susceptibilities of the isolates were performed by the disc diffusion method and evaluated according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Antibiotic resistance, antiseptic resistance, and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types in MRSA strains were investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: While all of the isolates were found to be susceptible to linezolid and vancomycin; various rates of resistance for penicillin (87.1%), cefoxitin (49.93%), erythromycin (19.79%), ciprofloxacin (13.37%), tetracycline (11.23%), clindamycin (10.16%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.02%), gentamicin (17.82%), fusidic acid (64.2%) and rifampin (1.07%) were determined. A statistically significant difference was found between MRSA and MSSA strains in terms of MDR phenotype rates (p=0.001). Among S. aureus isolates, single resistance genes or various combinations of resistance genes were detected. SCCmec type III (52.4%) was the most common SCCmec type. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that current control strategies should be revised to minimize antibiotic resistance and periodic surveillance studies must be carried out.
2010
The aim of the present study was to develop a PCR assay for identification of antibiotic resistance genes at Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Thirty five isolates from the Emergency County Hospital and Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, were analyzed. The bacteria were isolated over two years period, in 2007 and 2009 and serotyped at the Clinical Hospital of Infectious Disease, Cluj-Napoca. In order to develop a PCR assay for identification of antibiotic resistance genes at S. aureus clinical isolates, the bacterial strains were tested for the presence of the tst, sea, mecA, femA, ermC and ermA genes using the polymerase chain reaction and gene-specific primers. We succeeded in amplifying mecA gene to all isolates that exhibit methicillin resistance. Our result concord 100% with standard culture method but they were obtained in 5 hours instead of four days. In order to increase the efficiency of PCR typing and reduce reagent costs, multiple se...
2009
Multiple drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is one the most common nosocomial pathogen worldwide. The timely identification of this hospital acquired pathogen and detection of the various antibiotic resistant genes harbored is one of the most important function of the microbiology laboratory. In this study, we report the development of a multiplex PCR system for the diagnosis of S. aureus and the detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes harbored by some isolates. This system was designed to identify S. aureus at species level and to detect methicillin, gentamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and mupirocin resistant genes, respectively from a single colony in a single tube reaction. All isolates amplified a 108 bp fragment (conserved in S. aureus) confirming the identity of S. aureus, 23 isolates produced a band at the position of 533 bp, 28 isolates at 139 bp and 30 isolates at 174 bp evidencing the presence of mecA (methicillin or oxacillin resistance), ermA (erythromycin resistance), aac (6`)-aph (2``) (gentamycin resistance) genes. None of the isolates amplified van A (vancomycin resistance) and ileS-2 (mupirocin resistance) genes showing the absence of their resistance in the isolates studied. These genotypic results when compared with classical antibiotic susceptibility tests showed less correlation. Overall, we found a correlation between phenotypic and genotypic methods of 60% for methicillin, 36.7% for gentamycin, 43.3% for erythromycin, 100% for vancomycin and mupirocin. This suggests that classical antibiotic sensitivity test is not accurate, but need to be supplemented with other methods to be applied in a clinical laboratory. The system developed in this study offers a rapid, simple specific and accurate detection of multiple antibiotic resistant genes in clinical S. aureus isolates and thus could be systematically applied as a diagnostic test in clinical microbiology laboratories, facilitating the design and use of antibiotic therapy.
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology, 2021
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that can cause a wide range of nosocomial infections. Nasal colonization by S. aureus plays an important role both in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of infection. Objectives: This study aimed at detecting the biofilm-forming capacity of clinical isolates and detection of icaA and agr genes. Methods: A total of 150 clinical specimens was collected from patients in different hospitals in Baghdad. The clinical samples included wounds, abscess, sputum, and ear infections. The suspected isolates were cultured for one day at 37 °C on mannitol salt agar in an aerobic environment. Results: The results showed that of 150 samples, 44 isolates were S. aureus (29.3%), of wounds samples, 22 isolates (45.83%) were S. aureus, 13 (37.14%) were from abscess, 7 (17.95%) from sputum, and 2 isolates (7.14%) from ear samples. This study found that most isolates formed biofilm, but the levels of biofilm were distributed across three ranges. The...
Annals of Microbiology, 2007
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus (MSRA) has become a frequent cause of serious infections. Extended hospitalization and antibiotic therapy have been identified as additional risk factors for MRSA carrier and infection. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of MRSA infections in the hospitals affiliated to Hamedan University of Medical Sciences. SeventyS. aureus clinical strains were isolated from patients from June 2005 to June 2006 and examined by PCR and conventional microbiological tests. Then, the antibiotic susceptibility to methicillin/oxacillin and other antibiotics were performed by Disc Diffusion Agar (DDA). The results of this study showed that methicillin resistance gene was detected in 35 (50%) and 22 (31.4%) cases by PCR and DDA, respectively. The results of antibiotic susceptibility assays also showed there were high resistance MRSA strains to penicilin (100%), cloxacillin (91.4%), tetracycline (74.2%), cotrimoxazole (68.5%), erythromycin (68.5%) and less resistance to rifampin (11.4). Two MRSA also had decreased susceptibility to vancomycin. But the strains of Methicillin-SensitiveS. aureus (MSSA) showed high sensitivity to all antibiotics profiles except to penicillin (complete resistance). As a conclusion, the resistance to methicillin/oxacillin ofS. aureus in Hamedan hospitals has reached to 50% and they show multidrug resistance.
Journal of Water and Health, 2019
Multi-drug resistance traits of Staphylococcus species especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the clinical settings are well established. Of environmental concern is hospital effluents discharging into wastewaters. This article investigated the prevalence and detection of antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus species from clinical and environmental sources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Standard culture-based and molecular protocols were used. Seventy-six (27 clinical, 14 hospital effluent and 35 environmental) Staphylococcus isolates were recovered: 56.58% were coagulase-negative and 43.42% coagulase-positive (S. aureus). For the clinical isolates, 10, 6, 4, 4 and 1 were isolated from urine, skin, wounds, blood and pus, respectively. Isolates were resistant to methicillin and amoxycillin (91.7%), cloxacillin (88.0%), ciprofloxacin (84.0%), ofloxacin (83.3%), azithromycin (78.0%), ceftazidime (76.0%), gentamycin (75.0%), cefuroxime (75.0%) and erythromycin (7...