Comercio de vino tarraconense en Menorca. Nuevas aportaciones de la epigrafía anfórica (original) (raw)
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The archaeological works carried out in recent years in the subsoil of the Forum of Emporiae (Empúries) has allowed to document and date the occupation of this area prior to the founding of the Roman town, dated in Augustus era, and the building of the forum. The area was a field covered with silos which provided an important array of ceramic materials from the infill layers. The amphorae recovered within these silos were commercialized via Empúries harbor. They were distributed and used in a closed chronological sequence (70 BC -15 AD). The analysis of the contexts evidenced that the earlier identified wine amphorae correspond to the Dressel 1 citerior type produced in the Laietanian region. Around 50 BC, several variants grouped in the Tarraconense 1 type appeared, causing the gradual disappearance of the previous type. A decade later, they were replaced by the Pascual 1 type, which were the most commonly used amphorae to trade the wine surplus during this Augustus period.
La dinámica comercial de Tarraco: las importaciones de ánforas vinarias (100 a.C.-100 d.C.)
We present the results of the study and quantification of amphorae rims appearing in different archaeological contexts found in different areas of the Roman city of Tarraco (Tarragona): in the Roman Theatre, in Plaça de la Font and innumbers 5th and 14th of Unió Street, dated between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD. Although we know thatour results are conditioned by the characteristics of the few archaeological contexts considered, their study has allowedus to establish the specific dynamics in the evolution and change in the process of production and consumption of local/ regional wine in the city of Tarraco . We can now assume that the earliest local amphora productions, represented by theimitations of the Dressel 1 type, were commercialised in the late 2nd century or early 1st century BC. Towards 40-30 BC, the Tarraconense 1 type is the predominant one and emerges together with a few amphorae of the Pascual 1 type. However, in Tarraco , these local productions didn’t overtake other wine amphorae imports until the last quarter of the 1stcentury BC, some decades later than in other northern Roman cities such as Baetulo (Badalona) or Iluro (Mataró). Themost widely used wine vessel seems to have been of the Pascual 1 type which outnumbers the Dressel 2-4 type until the second half of the 1st century AD.
La figlina de Sant Boi ocupava un lloc estratègic, a la desembocadura del Llobregat, a l'ager de Barcino. Va funcionar entre el c. 30 aC i els darrers anys del segle i de la nostra era. S'hi van produir àmfores de les formes Pascual 1 i Dr. 3 i potser de la Dr. 7-11. Les primeres amb la marca IVLI.ANICETI i les segones amb diverses estampilles en què apareix un nomen, tot plegat relacionat probablement amb el comerç del contingut. La terrisseria de Darró, situada a l'ager de Tarraco, en un indret on hi havia hagut un important nucli ibèric, es degué fundar el 50/40 aC i va estar activa també fins al final del segle i dC. La seva producció és anepígrafa i amb una pasta de color clar, beix, groguenc, molt típica. S'hi van obrar els tipus Dr. 1 citerior, Pascual 1, Dr. 7-11, Oberaden 74 i potser Dr. 3 en poca quantitat.
Del vino medieval urbano al rural moderno (ss. XV-XVI): la ciudad de Mallorca y sus bodegas en 1463
EL LLINDAR DE LA MODERNITAT: MALLORCA A LA TARDOR MEDIEVAL I AL RENAIXEMENT (1412-1598), 2024
En la Edad Media la producción de vinos se desarrolla en el entorno de las concentraciones urbanas que han ido reestructurando la fragmentación y aislamiento «pagano» que sigue a la decadencia de Roma. La vinicultura para extenderse requiere concentraciones de población que demanden vino. Se bebe en comunión. Antes habían sido los cenobios quienes contribuyeron a reestructurar el territorio y desarrollaron la vinicultura y la destilería del alcohol con nueva templanza. El Reino de Mallorca, desde la conquista cristiana en 1229, prospera partiendo de la ciudad portuaria mercantil. Es en su entorno inmediato donde se extiende la viticultura. La estimación del vino en las bodegas de la ciudad 1463 nos da la medida de su relevancia vinífera en el conjunto de la isla. A partir del s. XVI la producción del vino, en una escala mayor, va migrando a las haciendas rurales, hasta desaparecer por completo de la ciudad de Palma.