Halophiles 2010: Life in Saline Environments (original) (raw)
Related papers
Halophilic microbiome: Distribution, diversity and applications
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews
Microorganisms that love salt are known as halophiles, and they are found in both the archaeal and eubacterial domains of life. Halophiles do naturally occur in mesmeric saline habitats such as hypersaline lakes, salt pans, salt marshes, saline soils, and solar salterns. The group of microorganisms that live in a salty environment is known as the halophilic microbiome. This group includes bacteria, algae, fungi, viruses, and more. According to how much salt they can tolerate, halophiles are divided into three categories: mild (0.3-0.8 M), moderate (0.8-3.4 M), and extreme (3.4-5.1 M). Seawater already covers the majority of the surface of the Earth and has a salinity of roughly 0.6 M. The most numerous and adaptable microorganisms are therefore those that thrive in such environments. Due to the presence of carotenoids, many halophiles exhibit red-pigmented colonies. This pigment resembles that of tomatoes, red peppers, pink flamingos, and other similar foods. In the production of tr...
Halophiles – Taxonomy, Diversity, Physiology and Applications
Microorganisms in Environmental Management, 2011
Halophiles are salt-loving organisms inhabiting environments with the capacity to balance the osmotic pressure of the environment and resist the denaturing effects of salts such as salt induced co-aggregation of proteins. They are diverse group of organisms that thrive extreme saline environments. Depending upon their requirement for salt concentration, they are classifi ed as halotolerant, moderately halophile and extreme halophile.
Metabolism, Physiology And Biotechnological Applications of Halobacteria
Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing, 2015
Halophiles ( lat . “salt-loving”) is the taxonomic group of extreme aerobic microorganisms that live in conditions of high salinity – in the seas, salt lakes, saline soils etc. These microorganisms are known to reddish patina on products, preserved with using large quantities of salt (NaCl). Halophiles were isolated for the first time at the beginning of the XX century from the marine flora estuary mud, but their systematic study was started only at the end of the second decade of the XX century. The internal environment of the human body is not suitable for existence of halobacteria, since none of them are known to have pathogenic forms. Halobacteria have great practical potential for using in molecular bioelectronics and bio-nanotechnology due to their unique ability to convert the energy of sunlight into electrochemical energy of protons H + due to the presence in their cells a special photo transforming retinal containing integral protein – bacteriorhodopsin, the mechanism of ac...
Halophiles and Hypersaline Environments, 2011
The world of halophilic microorganisms is highly diverse. Microorganisms adapted to life at high salt concentrations are found in all three domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria and Eucarya. In many ecosystems, halophiles are present with such high numbers that their presence is immediately recognized; the bright red color of marine saltern and crystallizer ponds found world-wide is due to populations of halophilic Archaea (order Halobacteriales), Bacteria (Salinibacter) and Eucarya (Dunaliella salina).
The Extremely Halophilic Microorganisms, a Possible Model for Life on Other Planets
2017
The group of halophilic Archaea was discovered in the beginning of XX th century. They are able to live in more than 23 M of sodium chloride concentration that can be found in hypersaline natural lakes, in alkaline saline lakes, in manmade hypersaline mats, in rock salt, in very salted foods, on salted fish, on salted hides, in stromatolites, in saline soils. Their adaptations consist in resistance to high ionic contents with internal accumulation of K ions in order to face high Na ion content from the near environment. They belong to the Halobacteriaceae family. Their adaptation and their resistance to UV radiation and their resistance in oligotrophic conditions in rock salt, apparently over geological times, increase the possibility to find similar microorganisms in the Martian subsurface and in meteorites, and to support the panspermia theory. Some of the research of a working group in this field of activity and their possible uses are shortly
Potential of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms for biotechnology
Extremophiles, 2001
Halotolerant or halophilic microorganisms, able to live in saline environments, offer a multitude of actual or potential applications in various fields of biotechnology. The technical applications of bacteriorhodopsin comprise holography, spatial light modulators, optical computing, and optical memories. Compatible solutes are useful as stabilizers of biomolecules and whole cells, salt antagonists, or stress-protective agents. Biopolymers, such as biosurfactants and exopolysaccharides, are of interest for microbially enhanced oil recovery. Other useful biosubstances are enzymes, such as new isomerases and hydrolases, that are active and stable at high salt contents. Halotolerant microorganisms play an essential role in food biotechnology for the production of fermented food and food supplements. The degradation or transformation of a range of organic pollutants and the production of alternative energy are other fields of applications of these groups of extremophiles. Key words Halotolerant/halophilic • Biotechnology • Bacteriorhodopsin • Compatible solutes • Biopolymers • Halofermentation • Waste treatment (biodegradation) Bacteriorhodopsin Certain extremely halophilic Archaea contain membranebound retinal pigments, bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and halor
Isolation, Characterization of Halotolerant bacteria and its biotechnological potentials
2013
1 Abstract— Marine microbes represent a potential source for commercially important bioactive compounds and their bioremediation capabilities are also remarkable. Hence for the present study the bacterial strains were isolated from salt enriched soils which were collected from the natu- ral saline habitats from Bhitarkanika coastal region of Orissa, India. The phenotypic characters of the isolates conclusively proved that isolates S1-4 belongs to Bacillus spp. and S5 belongs to Micrococcus luteus and S6 could not be identified, it would be a new isolate, which changed their shape to spherical forms when grown in NaCl which is a halotolerant character. The bacteria isolates (S 1-4) produced gummy (except S1) colonies of different shape, size margin and elevation. Bacterias were motile except S5, aerobic, gram +ve except S6, spherical and elliptical spores forming rods and cocci of (2.26 - 4.25) x (0.70-0.85) µm size range and catalase (+)ve. However, the organisms differed in some ph...