Multiple addictive behaviors in young adults: Student norms for the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (original) (raw)
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Journal of Social Sciences, 2005
Factors contributing to addictive behaviors affecting student health are analyzed in this study. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and the use of illegal drugs are assessed in a sample of 290 university students. General averages indicate that 37.2% of students smoke cigarettes, 49.8% drink alcohol regularly, and 17.9% have tried illegal drugs while 4.8% of them use it regularly. Age, academic achievement, gender, religion, family status and financial status were correlated to these addictive behaviors. Major findings show a clear relationship between smoking and most variables. The main factor involved in drinking was found to be religion, while illegal drug consumption was most clearly correlated to parents' education and monthly income. Students' self perception regarding smoking and tendency to use illegal drug was assessed showing that 11.7% of smokers consider themselves non-smokers while 11.8% considered trying illegal drugs acceptable. Addiction rates after initial consumption are analyzed showing 74.7% for alcohol, 51.7% for smoking cigarettes and 26.9% for drugs. A risk profile for each addiction type is presented.
Co-occurring addictive behaviors: an analysis of risk profiles among university students
Addiction Research & Theory, 2017
Objectives: The first goal of this study was to empirically identify, among university students, groups with varying levels of risk based on indicators of gambling and substance use. The second goal was to compare the identified groups on various demographic characteristics. Methods: The study comprised of 2139 full-time undergraduate students, representative of university students in Montreal, Canada. A 3-step latent class logistic regression analysis was performed to identify groups and compare them on demographic characteristics. Results: The statistical fit indices of the latent class analysis revealed a four-class solution. Class 1 (30.1% of the sample) included non-gamblers with low probabilities of substance use. Class 2 (11.2% of the sample) grouped non-gamblers with high-risk patterns of consumption. Class 3 (36.42% of the sample) included gamblers who are low-risk substance users, and individuals in Class 4 (22.25% of the sample) reported risky patterns of gambling and substance-using behaviors. Results of the logistic regression suggested that gender, being born in Canada, and working full-or part-time are significant predictors of class membership. Participants in both groups labeled at-risk (with and without gambling) were also more likely to report psychological distress and to live outside the family environment. Conclusions: This study raises important questions regarding the choice of preventive models and feeds into the long-standing debate around universal versus high-risk approaches.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
Introduction and aim. This study aims to determine the average addiction levels of university students and the effects of different demographic variables on addiction levels and types. Material and methods. The study included 783 volunteer students in the Seydişehir campus of Necmettin Erbakan University. Data were collected face-to-face using Sociodemographic Information Form, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Cut-off test (CAGE), Digital Game Addiction Scale (DGAS-7), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results. Of the students, 27.7% were using tobacco, 14.8% were using alcohol, 2.6% were using ecstasy, 2.3% were using cannabis, 1.4% were using inhalants, 1% were using pills. FTND, DGAS-7, and IAT mean scores were 3.80±2.55, 12.04±5.57, and 43.56±15.73, respectively, and 21.5% had risky alcohol use. Also, 2.2% were game addicts, 3.8% were internet addicts. Digital game addiction, internet addiction, and nicotine addiction were positively correlated. There was no sign...
A Study of Addictive Behavior among University Students
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International
Drug abuse is a public health issue, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to determine the prevalence rate of drugs use and to identify certain factors that can serve as predictors of drug use. A total of 431 students from Mohammed V University in Rabat participated in this descriptive cross-sectional survey. The prevalence of drug use (regular users and experimenters) was 32.9%. Cannabis has a frequency of 13%, whereas other substances and other psychotropics have a prevalence of 3.8%. The most common average age of onset of substance use was 15. Males had the greatest likelihood of becoming drug addicts. We discovered a high consumption of drugs among university students at the end of this work, implying the need to establish a programme to combat drug addiction, the starting point of which will undoubtedly be prevention at the primary and secondary school levels, requiring the participation of all those involved in the field of e...
Correlation between addictive behaviors and mental health in university students
Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008
Aims: The present study aims to clarify the relationships of addictive behaviors and addiction overlap to stress, acceptance from others and purpose in life.Methods: A survey was conducted on 691 students at eight universities. The Eating Attitude Test-20 was used to identify students with food addiction or food addictive tendencies. The Kurihama Alcoholism Screening Test was used to identify students with alcohol addiction or alcohol addictive tendencies. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence was used to identify students with nicotine addictive tendencies or nicotine addiction. The Visual Analog Scale was used to assess stress and acceptance from others. The Purpose in Life Test was used to measure meaning and purpose in life. Results were compared between students with addictive behaviors, with addictive tendencies and without addictive behaviors.Results: Significant differences among the three groups were observed for stress, acceptance from others, and Purpose in Life scores for students with food and nicotine addiction, but no significant differences existed in relation to alcohol addiction. In addition, 28.8% of students displayed addictive behaviors in one of the three areas (food, alcohol or nicotine), 8.5% displayed addictive behaviors in two of the three areas, and 0.4% had addictive behaviors in all three areas. Significant differences existed in stress and acceptance from others among students with one addictive behavior, ≥two addictive behaviors and no addictive behaviors. However, no significant differences existed in Purpose in Life scores with respect to overlapping addictions.Conclusion: The results suggest a relationship between mental health, addictive behaviors and overlapping addiction among university students.
Compulsive use of alcohol among college students
Psychiatry Research, 2013
Among college students alcohol consumption is associated with other high-risk behaviors that can lead to short-and long-term negative health consequences. Identification of college students consuming alcohol who are at high risk for problems may have important public health implications. This study examines the ability of the CHQ compulsive use of alcohol item to detect high-risk behaviors relative to other screening measures and its association with different dimensions of compulsive drinking. Three hundred thirty-two college students completed measures on compulsive drinking and hazardous behaviors. Results showed that among male students the CHQ compulsive use of alcohol item was not sensitive to detect hazardous alcohol consumption but co-occurred with the use of illicit drugs. Among female students it was sensitive to detect heavy drinking but not alcohol or drug problems. Among college students compulsive use of alcohol corresponds to an urge to consume alcohol that may be associated with use of illicit drugs in male students, with heavy drinking in female students and with substance use problems. This study suggest that the CHQ compulsive use of alcohol item should not be used as a standalone screening for alcohol or drug problems but it could be considered a marker for at-risk behaviors.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
This study deals with the uncertainty in defining behavioral addictions (BAs). BAs are characterized by specific compulsive behaviors, regardless of potential negative consequences. However, to differentiate a behavior from a leisure activity to an addictive one is still an object of debate in the literature. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Addictions Questionnaire (BAQ) as a possible screening tool for multiple BAs (i.e., shopping, food addiction, gambling, sex, work, exercise, Internet, videogames, and smartphone). BAQ aims to give a dimensional and quantitative assessment of addictive behaviors in a continuum, including both the adaptive and maladaptive features of the behaviors. Five hundred and seventy-six healthy adults (age range: 18–88) participated in the study, completing a survey including the BAQ questionnaire. Considering both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, statistical examination suggested good psycho...
The relationships between behavioral addictions and the five-factor model of personality
Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2013
Aims: Although relationships between addiction and personality have previously been explored, no study has ever simultaneously investigated the interrelationships between several behavioral addictions, and related these to the main dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. Methods: In this study, 218 university students completed questionnaires assessing seven different behavioral addictions (i.e., Facebook addiction, video game addiction, Internet addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, compulsive buying, and study addiction) as well as an instrument assessing the main dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. Results: Of the 21 bivariate intercorrelations between the seven behavioral addictions, all were positive (and nine significantly). The results also showed that (i) Neuroticism was positively associated with Internet addiction, exercise addiction, compulsive buying, and study addiction, (ii) Extroversion was positively associated with Facebook addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, and compulsive buying, (iii) Openness to experience was negatively associated with Facebook addiction and mobile phone addiction, (iv) Agreeableness was negatively associated with Internet addiction, exercise addiction, mobile phone addiction, and compulsive buying, and (v) Conscientiousness was negatively associated with Facebook addiction, video game addiction, Internet addiction, and compulsive buying and positively associated with exercise addiction and study addiction. Conclusions: The positive associations between the seven behavioral addictions suggest one or several underlying pathological factors. Hierarchical multiple regressions showed that personality traits explained between 6% and 17% of the variance in the seven behavioral addictions, suggesting that personality to a varying degree explains scores on measures of addictive behaviors.
Conceptualizing addiction has been a matter of intense debate for decades. For many, addiction theory has applied only to alcohol, tobacco or drug ingestion, with most definitions concentrated on these substances. Despite such focus, there is increasing empirical evidence to illustrate a wider number of behaviours are potentially addictive such as gambling, overeating, sex love, exercise, videogame playing/ pinball internet use, buying/shopping and work (see Sussman, Lisha, & Griffiths, 2011). Such diversity has led to new, broader definitions of what constitutes an addictive behaviour.
What is addiction? Age-related differences in the meaning of addiction
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2007
In a sample of families from a midwestern community study of cigarette smoking, we examined adolescents' and adults' definitions of "addiction", and related these definitions to their perceived addictiveness of cigarette smoking. Both adolescents and adults viewed addiction as multi-faceted, including both appetitive aspects and compulsive aspects. However, for adolescents, the two dimensions were equally important to the overall meaning of addiction, whereas for adults, the compulsive dimension was more important than was the appetitive dimension. The two dimensions of addiction were related to the perceived addictiveness of smoking, but differently for adolescents and adults. For adolescents, the appetitive dimension was a significant predictor whereas, for adults, the compulsive dimension was significant (and appetitive scores were predictive only at high levels of endorsement of the compulsive factor). These findings have potential implications for prevention programs for adolescents. Adolescents may perceive messages about "addiction" as communicating that the behavior in question has appetitive value in addition to a potential for inducing loss of control, and this may weaken the effectiveness of these messages.