Ventilatory response to aerobic exercise in obese children (original) (raw)
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Progress in Pediatric Cardiology, 2008
Obesity in children has been associated with lower levels of physical activity and fitness. Physical activity and exercise are essential elements in obesity treatment. Consensus recommendations for obesity prevention recommend that children and adolescents accumulate 60 minutes or more of at least moderate physical activity daily. In addition to obesity, risk for decreased physical activity also includes being an ethnic minority, living in poverty, having a disability, living in an apartment or public housing, adverse climate, and perceived or actual lack of neighborhood safety. The combination of decreased fitness and decreased physical activity can magnify metabolic changes. Regular physical activity has also been shown to lessen the burden of obesity-related comorbidities, including reductions in blood pressure, increased insulin sensitivity, and decrease in hepatomegaly. Exercise prescriptions for obese children should involve family support, activities which are doable, fun and develop participatory skills. Children with congenital heart disease are also at risk for obesity and represent a group of children that requires focused attention on obesity prevention and treatment.
The Impact of Physical Exercises on Child Obesity
TNAI Publications, 2024
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of cases of paediatric obesity, regardless of sociodemographic classification. Furthermore, the severity of obesity in children and adolescents has increased despite these rising instances. In the twenty-first century, childhood obesity and overweight have become significant public health concerns. Overweight and obesity are global issues that mostly impact low-and middle-income nations, particularly in metropolitan areas. In contrast, childhood obesity and overweight have caused more fatalities globally than childhood underweight. This review will discuss why early intervention to engage in childhood obesity issues is very important. It has been suggested that the obese children are at risk and have a have a higher likelihood of premature death. Currently proposed strategies to deal with childhood obesity include adapting a proper and healthy diet, limiting sedentary behaviour, and increasing physical activity. The effects of physical activity on body fat, insulin sensitivity and resistance, and metabolic factors in obese children, as well as the type, intensity, and duration of exercise, will be key topics of discussion. This review will shed light on how aerobic exercise, resistance training, and compound exercise differ in their effects on the risk of cardio-vascular disease in childhood obesity.
Effect of Treadmill Training on Ventilatory Functions and Physical Performance in Obese Children
International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research, 2016
A decrease in physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle are regarded as the most important factors contributing to the development of childhood obesity. Obesity and physical inactivity are the two main factors that affect respiratory function. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of aerobic training using treadmill on ventilatory functions and physical performance in obese children. Materials and methods: Thirty volunteer obese children (10 males and 20 females) participated in this study. Their age were 12-18 years old and randomly distributed in two groups. Study group was treated by aerobic training using treadmill 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Control group did not receive any exercises program. Body mass index, vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second, six min walking test and 4 meter velocity, were measured before as well as after the end of treatment program. Results: Revealed statistically significant improvements in the measuring variables obtained in favor of the study group. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise in the form of treadmill training for children with obesity is an excellent supplement to regularly scheduled physical therapy intervention in the purpose of improving ventilatory functions and physical performance in children with obesity.
Overweight and obesity in childhood - how can physical activity help?
2006
Summary The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and youth is increasing worldwide. In Germany, between 10 to 20% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese. An excessive energy intake, decreased physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle have been implicated as risk factors besides a possible genetic predisposition and a low socio-economic status. Energy intake seems to have stabilised over the last decades, there- fore physical activity is in the centre of scientific interest. Data on children's activity and its correlation with obesity are sparse and inconsistent. Several studies described decreased motor abilities in overweight children compared to their normal weight counterparts, especially in co-ordination and endurance performance. Some authors found differences between the fitness of obese and non-obese children, others did not. Energy expenditure seems not to differ between overweight and normal weight children. There is a general agreement th...
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2000
Physical activity may protect from the adverse effects of obesity. In obese children, an increased adherence and a decreased drop-out rate during exercise could be achieved with adaptated activities. We studied a recreational 12-week controlled training program for sedentary obese children, including interactive video games. We enrolled 22 obese subjects (13.23 ± 1.76 years) in an exercise program, implemented twice a week for a 12-week period. The program consisted of a combination of circuit-based aerobics, strength and resistance exercises; specifically soccer, rugby, volleyball and basketball and interactive video game exercises. Outcome measurements included body composition, metabolic profile and cardiorespiratory fitness. During the 12-week training program there was a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.002), SDS-BMI (p = 0.003), waist circumference (p = 0.004), waist circumference/height ratio (p = 0.001), % fat mass (p = 0.001), blood glucose (p = 0.001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.04), triglycerides (p = 0.03) and systolic pressure (p = 0.04) before and after exercise. Improvement in estimated maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2max ) (p < 0.001) correlated with a decrease in fat mass (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p = 0.04) and insulin resistance (p = 0.02). Exercise improved metabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese children. Exercise training does not necessarily need to be vigorous, recreational programs are also effective and may encourage children to participate in physical activity and limit initial drop-out.
Impaired Physical Function Associated with Childhood Obesity: How Should We Intervene?
Childhood obesity (Print), 2016
This study examined relationships between adiposity, physical functioning, and physical activity. Obese (N = 107) and healthy-weight (N = 132) children aged 10-13 years underwent assessments of percent body fat (%BF, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry); knee extensor strength (KE, isokinetic dynamometry); cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, peak oxygen uptake by cycle ergometry); physical health-related quality of life (HRQOL); and worst pain intensity and walking capacity [six-minute walk (6MWT)]. Structural equation modelling was used to assess relationships between variables. Moderate relationships were observed between %BF and (1) 6MWT, (2) KE strength corrected for mass, and (3) CRF relative to mass (r -0.36 to -0.69, p ≤ 0.007). Weak relationships were found between %BF and physical HRQOL (r -0.27, p = 0.008); CRF relative to mass and physical HRQOL (r -0.24, p = 0.003); physical activity and 6MWT (r 0.17, p = 0.004). Squared multiple correlations showed that 29.6% variance in physi...
Sport Mont
The study goal was to determine the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the total and abdominal adiposity in a sample of children aged 6 to 10. It was hypothesised that high cardiorespiratory fitness would result in lower total and abdominal obesity. The research was conducted on a sample of 1432 respondents where 717 (50.1%) are boys, and 715 (49.9%) are girls aged 6 to 10. The average age of the respondents was 8.72±1.4 years. Three anthropometric measures (body height, body weight and waist circumference) were considered and the body composition was determined by BIA. Body mass index sex - and age-specific cut-off points were used for overweight and obesity definition and children were placed in two groups: overweight/obese and non overweight. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was assessed with the endurance shuttle-run test. Participants were grouped into high and low CRF based on age and sex distributions. The results were statistically analyzed by using t-tests and a χ2 test,...
Intensive exercise: A remedy for childhood obesity?
Physiology & Behavior, 2011
Background: Acute exercise can affect the energy intake regulation, which is of major interest in terms of obesity intervention and weight loss. Objective: To test the hypothesis that intensive exercise can affect the subsequent energy intake and balance in obese adolescents. Design: The study was conducted in 2009 and enrolled 12 obese pubertal adolescents ages 14.4 ± 1.5 years old. Two exercise and one sedentary sessions were completed. The first exercise (EX 1) and sedentary session (SED) were randomly conducted 1 week apart. The second exercise session (EX 2) was conducted following 6 weeks of diet modification and physical activity (3 × 90 min/week) to produce weight loss. Energy intake was recorded, subjective appetite sensation was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scales and energy expenditure was measured using ActiHerats during EX 1 , EX 2 and SED. Results: Total energy intake over the awakened period was significantly reduced by 31% and 18% during the EX 1 and EX 2 sessions compared with the SED session, respectively (p b 0.01). Energy balance over the awakened period was negative during EX 1 , neutral during EX 2 and positive during SED. There was no significant difference in terms of subjective appetite rates between sessions during the awakened hours. Conclusions: Intensive exercise favors a negative energy balance by dually affecting energy expenditure and energy intake without changes in appetite sensations, suggesting that adolescents are not at risk of food frustration.