Observations on the ultrasound diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms (original) (raw)
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Sonography of ovarian tumors: predictability of tumor type
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1983
One hundred six ovarian neoplasms were evaluated with respect to size, echogenic characteristics, and percentage of echogenic material to determine if sonography could differentiate between malignant and benign tumors and if histology could be determined. This study indicates that anechoic lesions have high likelihood of being benign tumors, usually mucinous cystadenomas or serous cystadenomas. As the percentage of echogenic material increases, the likelihood of malignancy also in creases. There are two exceptions to this rule. The first is lesions with very echogenic foci, which are virtually always benign teratomas. The second is groups of tumors that are totally or near-totally echogenic. These are actually less likely to be malignancies than mixed-density tumors that have a large anechoic component. In mixed-echogenicity tumors that are not teratomas, there was no way of distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions with an acceptable degree of accuracy in an individual case. Also, with the exception of teratomas, histology could not be determined. It should be
Gynecologic Oncology, 1989
Ultrasound is now frequently used for evaluation of pathological findings discovered on gynecological examination and for puncture of ovarian cysts. Although the new, high-frequency vaginal transducers have a very high resolution, only macroscopitally visible structures of the tumors can be imaged. For this reason, it seemed important to classify ovarian tumors according to their macroscopic appearance and then relate this to whether the tumor was benign, borderline, or malignant. Such a classification has not been performed before. Medical records from women operated upon due to pelvic tumors over a period of 11 years were scrutinized. There were 1017 women included in the study. Among those tumors characterized as unilocular cysts 0.3% (l/296) was malignant; this tumor had macroscopically visible papillary vegetations on the inside of the cyst wall. This cyst was found in a woman 60 years old. Sixty percent (178/296) of the women who had a unilocular cyst were over the age of 40. Two percent (4/203) of the unilocular solid tumors were classified as malignant. The malignancy rates for multilocular cysts was 8% (20/229), multilocular solid tumors 36% (147/209), and solid tumors 39% (31/80). Papillary vegetation on the cyst wall was the structure that was most frequent in malignant tumors. Neither the thickness of the cyst wall nor the thickness of septa inside the tumor seemed to correlate with malignancy. Among the simple ovarian cysts, 65 had a diameter over 10 cm but none of them was malignant. The one that was malignant had a diameter of approximately 5 cm. In conclusion, unilocular ovarian cyst seems to carry a very slight chance of malignancy even in women over the age of 40. Papillary vegetation on the cyst wall, a structure that can be seen by ultrasound, seems to be a serious sign. #C 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Sonographic morphological features of ovarian tumours
Nepal Medical College journal : NMCJ, 2006
Fourty five patients with ovarian tumours were studied for their sonographic morphological characteristics and were followed up with histopathological report for correlation between most important sonographic features of benign and malignant ovarian tumours. Among different features, thin wall, smooth inner wall structure and anechogenicity or low echogenicity of the lesions were more important features of benign tumours. Complex mass without demonstrable wall, indistinct inner wall structure and highly echogenic lesion with solid component were predictors of malignancy.
Preoperative sonographic features of borderline ovarian tumors
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2005
To determine the sonographic findings that distinguish borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) from both benign and invasive malignant tumors, thus allowing conservative treatment and laparoscopic management of these tumors. We reviewed retrospectively transvaginal sonograms of 33 women who, when evaluated further by surgery and histology, were found to have BOT. Twenty-three were premenopausal and 10 were postmenopausal (mean age +/- SD, 45.8 +/- 15.7 years). For each mass, size and morphological features and power Doppler characteristics were evaluated. We compared these findings with those of 337 patients with benign ovarian tumors and those of 82 patients with invasive malignant ovarian tumors. Patients with dermoid cysts were not included in the study. Of the 33 BOT, 15 were mucinous and 18 were serous cystadenomas. The presence of papillae, defined as a small number of solid tissue projections, 1-15 mm in height and 1-10 mm in width (base) and length (base), into the cyst cavity from the cyst wall, was significantly more frequent in BOT (48%) than it was in benign (4%) and invasive (4%) malignant tumors. Intracystic solid tissue (> 15 mm in height or > 10 mm in width or length) was observed in 48% of invasive malignant masses but in only 18% of BOT and in 7% of benign tumors (P < 0.001). No sonographically unilocular, hypoechoic, smooth-walled adnexal cysts were invasively malignant but three unilocular cysts with a diameter of > 6 cm were serous BOT. Although close attention was paid to the cyst wall at ultrasound examination we did not observe in these three cysts the very small papillae which were found at histological analysis. The most frequent diagnostic feature on imaging BOT is the presence of papillae within the cyst. However, neither papillae nor other sonographic features constituted highly sensitive sonographic markers of BOT.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
Objectives To describe clinical and ultrasound features of different subclasses of malignant serous ovarian tumors according to the World Health Organization 2014 classification. Methods Patients with a histological diagnosis of borderline tumor (BOT), non-invasive and invasive low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC) and high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination, were retrospectively identified from two ultrasound centers. The masses were described using the terms of the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis Group. Results Sixty-four (15.8%) women had a serous BOT, 11 (2.7%) a non-invasive LGSC, 31 (7.6%) an invasive LGSC and 300 (73.9%) had a HGSC. The vast majority of BOTs (82.3%) and non-invasive LGSCs (90.9%) were Stage I according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification scheme, whereas most invasive LGSCs (74.2%) and HGSCs (74.0%) were FIGO Stage III. On ultrasound examination, most borderline lesions were described as unilocular-solid (54.7%) or as multilocular-solid (29.7%) cysts. Papillary projections were present in 52 (81.3%) BOTs. Most non-invasive LGSCs (63.6%) were multilocular-solid cysts and 81.8% had papillary projections. Invasive LGSCs were multilocular-solid cysts in 54.8% of cases, and papillary projections were present in 32.3% of lesions. HGSCs were multilocular-solid (32.7%) or solid (64.0%) masses, with papillary projections in only 7% of cases.
Role of ultrasound in characterization of ovarian masses
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2013
Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignancy in Pakistani women, accounting for 4% of all cancers in the female population. The aim of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and 95% confidence intervals for ultrasound in characterization of ovarian masses in patients presenting at public and private tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan. We adopted a cross-sectional analytical study design to retrospectively collect data from January 2009-11 from medical records of two tertiary care hospitals. Using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, we recruited a sample of 86 women aged between 15 and 85 years fulfilling inclusion criteria with histopathologically proven ovarian masses presenting for an ultrasound examination in our radiology departments. Our retrospective data depicted sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound to be 90.7%, 95%CI (0.77, 0.97) and 91.4%, 95%CI (0.76, 0.98) respectively. Positive predi...
Evaluation of ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women by transvaginal sonography
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1998
Objective: The aim of the present study was the evaluation of simple reproducible sonomorphological criteria for the preoperative evaluation of ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women by use of transvaginal sonography. Study design: Postmenopausal women ($1 year of secondary amenorrhea) with ovarian tumors (n5378; tumors $3 cm and ,3 cm but with solid parts) were examined in a prospective study by transvaginal sonography prior to surgery between 1987 and 1993. The sonomorphological criteria were correlated with the histological findings of the tumors. Results: Of all ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women, 6.3% were functional cysts (follicular or corpus luteum cysts). Almost all of them were detected within the first 5 years of postmenopause. The other ovarian tumors were diagnosed as retention cysts (17.5%), benign neoplasms (39.4%), and malignant tumors (36.8%). Simple ovarian cysts (monolocular, smooth inner wall) represented sonomorphologically the second most frequent type of ovarian tumors in postmenopausal women (35.7%). Of these tumors, 9.6% were diagnosed as malignant. Conclusions: Simple reproducible sonomorphological criteria proved to be a useful clinical parameter in the preoperative evaluation of ovarian tumors.
Australasian Radiology, 2007
To determine first, the accuracy of a gynaecological ultrasound service in the detection of four clinically significant pathologies, namely, uterine body malignancy, ovarian malignancy, ovarian dermoid cysts and other benign ovarian pathologies and second, to review the ultrasound imaging appearances of ovarian masses with histopathological correlation. Retrospective data collection from consecutive weekly multidisciplinary team meetings over a 12-month period. All patients had undergone ultrasound examination before surgery. Data included patient demographics, menopausal status, indications for ultrasound, type of practitioner carrying out the scan, operative findings and final histopathological diagnosis. Ultrasound imaging appearances were correlated to histology. Of the 47 cases of uterine malignancy, 45 had endometrial carcinoma. All had either a thickened or poorly seen or not seen endometrium. Twenty-four per cent of these women were premenopausal. Forty-seven of the 48 cases of ovarian malignancy had abnormal ultrasound findings. In six of these, the findings were of a purely cystic lesion. There were 62 cases of benign ovarian pathology (excluding dermoid cyst), all of which had an abnormal ultrasound; 16 of these had possible ultrasound features of malignancy. All 30 cases of ovarian dermoid cyst had an abnormal ultrasound with a specific diagnosis being made in 27. This study shows that ultrasound is accurate in the detection of both endometrial and ovarian disease. The endometrium that is not seen or is poorly seen is an indication for endometrial biopsy in women with postmenopausal bleeding. There is considerable overlap in the ultrasound appearances of benign and malignant ovarian lesions. Ultrasound is a good method for the accurate and specific diagnosis of an ovarian dermoid cyst.