Macrophage-derived, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is necessary to induce disease in the K/BxN serum-induced model of arthritis (original) (raw)
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a multifunctional cytokine in rheumatic diseases
Arthritis, 2010
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was originally identified in the culture medium of activated T lymphocytes as a soluble factor that inhibited the random migration of macrophages. MIF is now recognized to be a multipotent cytokine involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Moreover, the pivotal nature of its involvement highlights the importance of MIF to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders and suggests that blocking MIF may be a useful therapeutic strategy for treating these diseases. This paper discusses the function and expressional regulation of MIF in several rheumatic diseases and related conditions.
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 2011
Objectives-Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) facilitates multiple aspects of inflammatory arthritis, the pathogenesis of which is significantly contributed to by neutrophils. The effects of MIF on neutrophil recruitment are unknown. We investigated the contribution of MIF to the regulation of neutrophil chemotactic responses. Methods-K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was induced in wild-type (WT), MIF-/-, and MCP1 (CCL2)-deficient mice, and in WT mice treated with anti-KC (CXCL1) mAb. In vivo leukocyte trafficking was examined using intravital microscopy, and in vitro neutrophil function was examined using migration chambers and MAP kinase activation. Results-K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was markedly attenuated in MIF-/mice, with reductions in clinical and histological severity as well as synovial expression of KC and IL-1. Arthritis was also reduced by anti-KC antibody treatment, but not in MCP-1-deficient mice. In vivo neutrophil recruitment responses to KC were reduced in MIF-/mice. Similarly, MIF-/neutrophils exhibited reduced in vitro chemotactic responses to KC, despite unaltered chemokine receptor expression. Reduced chemotactic responses in MIF-/neutrophils were associated with reduced phosphorylation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases. Conclusion-These data suggest MIF promotes neutrophil trafficking in inflammatory arthritis via facilitation of chemokine-induced migratory responses and MAP kinase activation. Therapeutic MIF inhibition could limit synovial neutrophil recruitment. Neutrophils constitute the predominant leukocyte class in the synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Human RA synovial fluid contains numerous active neutrophil chemoattractants, including chemokines such as GROalpha (CXCL1), that are likely to have key roles in pathological neutrophil recruitment
Rheumatology International
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Many cytokines have been found to be associated with RA pathogenesis and among them is macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The aim of this study was to determine whether MIF serum levels are associated with RA course, clinical activity, and clinical biomarkers of the disease. MIF levels were determined in serum samples of 54 RA patients and 78 healthy subjects (HS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Disease activity was evaluated using the DAS28 score. Patients were subgrouped according to disease activity and years of evolution of disease. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 10.0 and GraphPad Prism 5 software. RA patients presented increased levels of MIF as compared to HS. MIF levels were raised on early stages of RA and tend to decrease according to years of evolution. Moreover, MIF levels positively correlated with rheumatoid factor in RA patients and with C reactive protein in all individuals studied. Our findings suggest that MIF plays a role in early stages of RA.
Journal of Immunology, 2007
Background: C5a is important for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated activation of neutrophils. The present study aimed to assess the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. The effects of MIF on ANCA-mediated neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation were determined. In addition, the effect of a MIF antagonist on the activation of C5a-primed neutrophils was assessed. Results: MIF treatment resulted in increased membrane proteinase-3 (mPR3) expression on neutrophils and enhanced myeloperoxidase (MPO) amounts in neutrophil culture supernatants. The concentration of MIF was significantly higher in the neutrophils supernatant primed with C5a (negative control: 14.2 ± 1.16 ng/ml; C5a: 45.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + IgG: 44.8 ± 1.93 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + MPO-ANCA: 73.0 ± 5.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a; and C5a + PR3-ANCA: 69.4 ± 5.35 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a). MIF primed neutrophils to undergo respiratory burst and degranulation in response to ANCA. Indeed, mean fluorescence intensity (a measure of respiratory burst) was significantly higher in MIF-primed neutrophils activated with MPO-ANCA-positive IgG or PR3-ANCA-positive IgG compared with non-primed neutrophils. Meanwhile, a MIF antagonist reduced oxygen radical production in C5a-primed neutrophils treated with patient-derived ANCA-positive IgG. Conclusions: MIF can prime neutrophils to undergo ANCA-mediated respiratory burst and degranulation. Blocking MIF resulted in reduced ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. These findings indicated that the interaction between MIF and C5a may contribute to ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation.
Journal of Immunology, 2007
Background: C5a is important for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated activation of neutrophils. The present study aimed to assess the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. The effects of MIF on ANCA-mediated neutrophil respiratory burst and degranulation were determined. In addition, the effect of a MIF antagonist on the activation of C5a-primed neutrophils was assessed. Results: MIF treatment resulted in increased membrane proteinase-3 (mPR3) expression on neutrophils and enhanced myeloperoxidase (MPO) amounts in neutrophil culture supernatants. The concentration of MIF was significantly higher in the neutrophils supernatant primed with C5a (negative control: 14.2 ± 1.16 ng/ml; C5a: 45.8 ± 2.8 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + IgG: 44.8 ± 1.93 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. negative control; C5a + MPO-ANCA: 73.0 ± 5.5 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a; and C5a + PR3-ANCA: 69.4 ± 5.35 ng/ml, P < 0.001 vs. C5a). MIF primed neutrophils to undergo respiratory burst and degranulation in response to ANCA. Indeed, mean fluorescence intensity (a measure of respiratory burst) was significantly higher in MIF-primed neutrophils activated with MPO-ANCA-positive IgG or PR3-ANCA-positive IgG compared with non-primed neutrophils. Meanwhile, a MIF antagonist reduced oxygen radical production in C5a-primed neutrophils treated with patient-derived ANCA-positive IgG. Conclusions: MIF can prime neutrophils to undergo ANCA-mediated respiratory burst and degranulation. Blocking MIF resulted in reduced ANCA-mediated activation of C5a-primed neutrophils. These findings indicated that the interaction between MIF and C5a may contribute to ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation.
Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the evolution of rat adjuvant arthritis
Arthritis & Rheumatism, 1998
The MIF gene has been associated with several diseases with inflammatory and autoimmune background, such as ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. We aimed at testing the influence of two functional MIF promoter variants in celiac disease (CD) susceptibility. A (CAAT) 5-8 tetranucleotide repeat at position À794 and a singlenucleotide polymorphism at À173G/C were analyzed in the Spanish population (531 patients and 887 healthy controls). w 2 statistics or Fisher exact test were used for comparisons. The À173C allele significantly increased risk ((CC þ GC) vs GG: odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) ¼ 1.41 (1.10-1.81); P ¼ 0.005), as did carriage of the (CAAT) 7 allele (OR (95% CI) ¼ 1.36 (1.02-1.82); P ¼ 0.03) and of the haplotype (CAAT) 7 //À173C (OR (95% CI) ¼ 1.33 (1.00-1.76); P ¼ 0.04). Our data evidence for first time the role of the MIF gene increasing predisposition to CD. A common effect of MIF variants seems to underlie the etiology of these complex conditions.
Genes & Immunity, 2002
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and regulates the anti-inflammator effects of glucocorticoids. An important role for MIF within the cytokine cascade is to act in concert with endogenous glucocorticoids to control the set-point and magnitude of the inflammatory response. Elevated expression of MIF in the circulation and in the synovial joint has been documented in rheumatoid arthritis. MIF also has been linked to the development of joint damage and disease pathology in experimental animal models. We describe herein a novel CATTtetranucleotide repeat polymorphism at position −794 of the human Mif gene and show that it functionally affects the activity of the MIF promoter in gene reporter assays. We describe four genotypes which comprise 5, 6, 7, or 8-CATT repeat units and show that the 5-CATT allele has the lowest level of basal and stimulated MIF promoter activity in vitro. The presence of the low expressing, 5-CATT repeat allele correlated with low disease severity in a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis patients.