Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy (original) (raw)

Abstract

Introduction Abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) before 14 gestational weeks is a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). The presence of aerobic microorganisms and an inflammatory response in the vagina may also be important risk factors.

Figures (3)

Figure 1. (A) Partial bacterial vaginosis (BV), defined as streaks of BV flora in a smear that also shows areas of normal or different flora. (B) Full BV, defined as a complete absence of lactobacilli, typical granular microflora with uncountable numbers of bacteria, and clue cells. (C) Coccoid AV flora. (D) Mainly staphoid aerobic vaginitis (AV) flora (a Candida blastospore is also visible). Similarities between the flora in the upper left corner of (A) (showing partial BV) and the flora in (C) and (D) are striking.

Figure 1. (A) Partial bacterial vaginosis (BV), defined as streaks of BV flora in a smear that also shows areas of normal or different flora. (B) Full BV, defined as a complete absence of lactobacilli, typical granular microflora with uncountable numbers of bacteria, and clue cells. (C) Coccoid AV flora. (D) Mainly staphoid aerobic vaginitis (AV) flora (a Candida blastospore is also visible). Similarities between the flora in the upper left corner of (A) (showing partial BV) and the flora in (C) and (D) are striking.

SD, standard deviation; *percentage of subgroup of multipara; **only singletons, >24 weeks + 6 days and >500 g. Table 1. Demographic characteristics and general pregnancy outcome data of the study patients

SD, standard deviation; *percentage of subgroup of multipara; **only singletons, >24 weeks + 6 days and >500 g. Table 1. Demographic characteristics and general pregnancy outcome data of the study patients

Table 2. Pregnancy outcome for all women with singleton pregnancies, complete information regarding intake microscopy, sonographic confirmation of gestational age, and complete information regarding pregnancy outcome data The subcategories of abnormal vaginal flora (AVF), namely full and partial bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV) and Mycoplasma infection, can occur simultaneously and hence over- lap. M: miscarriage (<25 weeks), EM: early miscarriage (<14 weeks), LM: late miscarriage (14 +0 to 24 weeks + 6 days), PTB: preterm birth (<37 weeks), EPTB: early preterm birth (<35 weeks), further divided in SBTB: severe PTB (25 + 0 to 34 weeks + 6 days ) and MPTB: mild PTB (35 + O to 36 + 6 weeks). Term pregnancies are defined as 37 weeks or more at deliv- ery. *OR 7.4 (2.5-22.0) P = 0.0012; **OR 10.4 (1.8-59.3), P = 0.03; ***OR 5.2 (1.1-25.7) P = 0.08; ****OR 18 (3.2-97.0) P = 0.011; *****OR 6.3 (1.6-24.6) P = 0.024.

Table 2. Pregnancy outcome for all women with singleton pregnancies, complete information regarding intake microscopy, sonographic confirmation of gestational age, and complete information regarding pregnancy outcome data The subcategories of abnormal vaginal flora (AVF), namely full and partial bacterial vaginosis (BV), aerobic vaginitis (AV) and Mycoplasma infection, can occur simultaneously and hence over- lap. M: miscarriage (<25 weeks), EM: early miscarriage (<14 weeks), LM: late miscarriage (14 +0 to 24 weeks + 6 days), PTB: preterm birth (<37 weeks), EPTB: early preterm birth (<35 weeks), further divided in SBTB: severe PTB (25 + 0 to 34 weeks + 6 days ) and MPTB: mild PTB (35 + O to 36 + 6 weeks). Term pregnancies are defined as 37 weeks or more at deliv- ery. *OR 7.4 (2.5-22.0) P = 0.0012; **OR 10.4 (1.8-59.3), P = 0.03; ***OR 5.2 (1.1-25.7) P = 0.08; ****OR 18 (3.2-97.0) P = 0.011; *****OR 6.3 (1.6-24.6) P = 0.024.

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