Pattern and Treatment of Facial Trauma in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients (original) (raw)
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Pediatric injuries in maxillofacial trauma: a 5 year study
Journal of Maxillofacial …, 2009
Fractures of the facial skeleton in children are less frequent. This clinical retrospective study of 5 year was conducted on 95 patients aged less than 16 years who sustained maxillofacial injuries during the period 2003 to 2008. Age, sex, etiology incidence and type of fracture were studied. The ratio of boys to girls was 1.9:1. The 7-12 year age group was commonly involved and the highest incidence was at age of ten years. Falls were the most common cause of injury accounting for 41%, followed by road traffic accidents (30%). Sports related injuries, assault and child abuse were also the causes of injury in children. Dentoalveolar injuries were found to be highest incidence with 42.1% followed by mandibular fractures. The soft tissue injuries were associated the pediatric maxillofacial trauma were found to be 34.7% of all cases.
Pediatric Maxillofacial Trauma: A Review of 156 Patients
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2016
To review the epidemiology and management of facial fractures in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of patients under 18 years old presenting to a pediatric emergency department over a 5-year period in an urban, academic, Level-1 designated trauma center. Results 156 patients were identified. Most were male (87%), and the mean age was 13.5 years (SD+/-4.9, IQR 12-17). The most common mechanism of injury (MOI) was assault (48.1%). Mandibular fractures (40.7%) were most common. Multiple fractures occurred in 26.9% of patients. Concomitant injuries occurred in 73.7% of patients, most commonly concussions (39.1%). Intracranial hemorrhages were associated with pan-facial (p=0.005), frontal (p=0.001), and orbital fractures (p=0.04). Most patients (91.7%) were admitted, and non-operative repair was undertaken in 57.1%. There was an independent association between surgical intervention and age >14 years and mandibular fractures (p<0.01). Conclusions Assault was the most common MOI and mandibular fracture was the most commonly encountered. Concomitant non-facial injuries occurred in a majority of patients. Patients sustaining pan-facial, frontal, and orbital fractures should provoke evaluation for other intracranial injuries. Children >14 years old and those with mandibular fractures may prompt mobilization of resources for operative repair.
Oral and maxillofacial injuries in children: a retrospective study
Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective epidemiological study was to determine the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods: Data for pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients aged 12 years and younger who were registered at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India, were reviewed and examined. Patients who were treated between October 2016 and September 2018 were analyzed according to age, sex, cause of injury, frequency and site of facial fractures, and soft tissue injuries. The chi-square tests were carried out for statistical analyses with a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 232 patients with a mean age of 6.77±3.25 years, there were 134 males (57.8%) and 98 females (42.2%). The overall male to female ratio was 1.39:1. The most common causes of injuries were falls (56.5%) and motor vehicle accidents (16.8%). Incidence of falls decreased significantly with age (P<0.001). Dentoalveolar injuries (61.6%) and soft tissue injuries (57.3%) were more common than facial fractures (42.7%). Mandibular fractures (82.8%) were the most common facial fractures, and perioral or lip injuries were the most prevalent injuries in our patient population. There was a positive association between facial fractures and soft tissue injury (P<0.01) (odds ratio 0.26; confidence interval 0.15-0.46). Conclusion: Falls were the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in our sample of children, and the most common site of fractures was the mandible.
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 2014
Background The purpose of this study was to assess the etiology, incidence, and various methods of treatment of maxillofacial injuries in children presenting at our centre and to compare our findings with literature. Patients and methods We carried out prospective study of 65 pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients treated from January 2011 to October 2012 at our centre. Data was collected on age, gender, etiological factors, anatomic site and treatment methods. Follow-up was performed by recall survey. Results Out of 65 patients 17 (26.15 %) presented with isolated soft tissue injuries and 48 (73.84 %) patients reported with 81 craniomaxillofacial fractures. Falls were most common mode of injury with 53 fractures (81.53 %). Treatment for fractures in our series comprised of periodic observation for non-displaced fractures (46.15 %), closed reduction (maxillomandibular fixation with IMF screws, acrylic cap splints) for minimally displaced fractures (15.38 %) and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for grossly displaced fractures (12.30 %). Conclusion Paediatric maxillofacial trauma can be managed conservatively and surgical treatment by ORIF is required in a very small group of children with grossly displaced fractures as a result of high velocity injuries. Level of evidence Prognostic study, Level II.
Paediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma - Review of Literature
2021
Approximately 5% to 15% of all facial fractures occur in children. The prevalence of pediatric facial fractures is lowest in infants and increases progressively with age. Children younger than 5-years contribute to only 1.0% of facial fractures, whereas 1.0 to 14.7% occurs in patients older than 16-years. The trauma occurring at this age is usually related to increased physical activity and participation in sports during puberty and adolescence. The most common cause is motor vehicle accidents [5-80.2%], followed by accidental causes, such as falls [7.8-48%] sports-related injury is the next most common cause [4.4-42%], violence [3.761.1%] and other causes [9.3%]. Children usually are more susceptible to greenstick fractures and have a higher resistance to facial fractures because of the abundance of cartilage and cancellous bone, low mineralization and underdeveloped cortex, along with the more flexible suture lines and indistinct corticomedullary junction which confers greater ela...
Etiology and patterns of pediatric maxillofacial trauma JDRR
Journal of Dental Research and Review, 2023
Introduction: We intended to retrospectively analyze the epidemiological data and pattern of pediatric maxillofacial fractures in this article. Materials and Methods: This retrospective analysis focuses on patients under the age of 18 years who were admitted to an inpatient department with maxillofacial fractures over a 3-year time at a Bangladeshi tertiary health-care center. The following variables were assessed: gender distribution, etiology of trauma, and anatomic site of fractures. Results: The majority of the 90 patients were boys (77.78%), with an average age of 12.9 years (standard deviation, 4.51 years). The result showed a ratio of 3.5:1 between males and females. The majority of patients (56.67%) were between the ages of 13 and 18 years. There was no statistically meaningful relationship (P > 0.05) between the age of the patients and their gender. Road traffic accidents (RTAs; 75.56% of maxillofacial fractures) were the most common cause, followed by accidental falls (13.33%). Mandible fractures were the most prevalent (70%), followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC; 14.45%) and mid-face fractures (5.55%). The parasymphysis (17.78%) and body (16.68%) of the mandible were the two most common unilateral fracture sites. Parasymphysis with angle was the most typical set of fracture sites in the mandible (7.79%). There was no statistically significant (P > 0.05) correlation between the age of the patients and the location of the maxillofacial fracture. Conclusions: In Bangladesh, RTAs were the predominant reason for pediatric maxillofacial fractures. The mandible and ZMC were the two areas that fractured most frequently in the pediatric population.
Maxillofacial Injuries in the Pediatric Patient: An Overview
World Journal of Dentistry, 2011
Children are uniquely susceptible to craniofacial trauma because of their greater cranial mass-to-body ratio. The pediatric population sustains 1 to 14.7% of all facial fractures. The majority of these injuries are encountered by boys (53.7-80%) who are involved in motor vehicle accidents (up to 80.2%). The incidence of other systemic injury concomitant to facial trauma is significant (10.4-88%). The management of the pediatric patient with maxillofacial injury should take into consideration, the differences in anatomy and physiology between children and adults, the presence of concomitant injury, the particular stage in growth and development (anatomic, physiologic and psychological), and the specific injuries and anatomic sites that the injuries affect. The greatest concern when treating the pediatric patient is the effect of the injury or treatment on growth and development. This is both anatomically and psychologically important and may have various effects on management for the...
Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association
To establish the etiology, pattern, management and outcome of maxillofacial trauma in pediatric patients. METHODOLOGY: A three-year record of pediatric patients who suffered from maxillofacial trauma was reviewed and analyzed using hospital database. The data gathered from the record of the patients like age was presented as mean and standard deviation whereas data like gender, etiology of particular trauma, anatomic position of fracture, affiliated injuries, kind of treatment used and outcome of the treatment was presented as frequency and percentage. Study Design: Retrospective study.
Prevalence and Etiology of Pediatric Maxillofacial Injuries: A Unicenter-based Retrospective Study
International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 2019
Background: Children are uniquely susceptible to craniofacial trauma because of their greater cranial mass-to-body ratio. The craniofacial injuries comprise approximately 11.3% of an overall pediatric emergency, and its etiology affects the incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment modalities, which are influenced by sociodemographic, economic, and cultural factor of the population being studied. Materials and methods: A retrospective review to analyze the epidemiology of facial injuries in pediatric population (age range-0-16 years), divided into three age groups, i.e., group I (0-5 years), group II (6-11 years) and group III (12-16 years), was carried out over a 3-year span, in order to determine the facial injury pattern, mechanism and concomitant injury by age. Results: A total of 1,221 patients with facial injuries, reporting to our trauma center and outpatient department were identified. Majority of these injuries were encountered among boys (64%). Motor vehicle collision (46.5%) was the most common cause of facial fracture and dentoalveolar injuries in group II and group III, while fall was the most common cause among the group I (30.2%). Mandible was the most commonly fractured bone (34.7%) followed by nasal (33.3%), maxilla (17.5%), and zygoma (14.3%). More than 50% sustained concomitant injuries. Conclusion: The importance of epidemiological analysis lies in the identification of trauma burden, which could help motivate and develop more efficient ways to plan resources allocation and deliver adequate care and preventive steps. Improvisation upon National Prevention Programs could lower incidences of such injuries.
Pediatric Facial Fractures: A 10-year Study
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, 2016
Aims and Objectives The aim of the study is to retrospectively analyse the incidence of facial fractures along with age, gender predilection, etiology, commonest site, associated dental injuries and any complications of paediatric patients operated in Craniofacial unit of SDM college of dental sciences and hospital. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted at the department of OMFS, SDM College of Dental Sciences, Dharwad from January 2003-December 2013. All the patients below 15 years of age were included in the study. Data were recorded for the cause of injury, age and gender distribution, frequency and type of injury, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, facial bone fractures, complications, concomitant injuries and different treatment protocols. Results A total of 68 cases of paediatric fracture were treated during these 10 years. Boys were commonly injured than girls with a ratio of 2.9:1, the commonest cause of trauma was fall (59 %), mandible was the commonest bone to be fractured (83 %), treatment protocols were dependant on the age, region and type of fracture but in most of the cases closed reduction was the choice of treatment, dental injuries were seen in 26 % patients and the commonest injury was avulsion. Conclusion This study was done not only to analyse the different types of facial fractures and the pattern of fracture of paediatric cases admitted at this centre, but also to act as a contributional data which will help us to take preventive measures to avoid such injuries and make the appropriate treatment plan and execute it to achieve the pre-injury status of form and function.