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The purpose of this paper is to identify the key elements that define the new European health policy. We observed that the health policy actually appeared to be an enclave within the integration process. The development of health policy in the new Member States followed a common pattern. Therefore, the European health policy reflected a general desire on behalf of the members to have more clarity of the rules in this area, given the different interpretation of the rules by different Member States. The Lisbon Treaty does not bring substantive changes regarding the public health policy, therefore the Member States shall keep their competence in defining the organization and financing this domain. However, the EU2020 Strategy states that "Europe faces a moment of transformation". Therefore, the "Europeanization" of health policy could lead to the positive developments that all EU citizens are expecting.
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The COVID-19 pandemic brought visibility and intensified the discussions on the European Union’s (EU) health mandate. The proposals of the European Commission (EC) to move towards a European Health Union (EHU) can be seen as a starting point towards more integration in health. However, the definition of what the EHU will look like is not clear. This paper searches to find a common definition, and/or features for this EHU through a systematic literature review performed in May 2021. “European Union’s concern about health for all” is suggested as a definition. The main drivers identified to develop an EHU are: surveillance and monitoring, crisis preparedness, funding, political will, vision of public health expenditures, population’s awareness and interest, and global health. Based on these findings, five scenarios were developed: making a full move towards supranational action; improving efficiency in the actual framework; more coordination but no real change; in a full intergovernme...
European Union Health Policy: A Short Overview
Journal of Health Systems and Policies, 2019
Since its foundation the European Union has increased, after a long initial period of mainly economic integration and to differing extents, its effect on many social policy areas including health issues. The main objective of this study is to provide an overview of EU health policy within a conceptual framework. EU health policy has mainly evolved via two contradictory strands: one is the public health strand and the other one is the internal market strand. The EU has struggled to have a more direct role in health care in recent years in order to overcome challenges that have emerged from internal market dynamics, such as cross-border care issues.
2010_ Role of the European Union in public health
Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia Abril 2010, Vol. 2, N°2, 2010
Health protection remains a core function of each Member State of the European Union. Various health scares revealed a true European dimension and a clear need for a co-ordinated response to health crisis. Article 168 of the treaty of Lisbon establishes the basis for a balanced European health policy and for international cooperation, in particular with the World Health Organization. The European health strategy identifies several areas of cooperation between the Members States, for sharing health data and information, addressing health threats and health determinants and facilitating the movement of patients. These activities are supported by the European Public Health Programme to improve citizen’s health security, promote health and disseminate knowledge. The value of health has become more prominent in many policies of an enlarged European Union. Prevention has the potential to reduce costs that would otherwise have burdened the economy. Nevertheless, preventive strategies have to be adjusted to situations in each Member State, depending on the prevalence of different diseases, medical culture, demography and public expectations. Most health activities are conducted by the Health and Consumer Protection Directorate General of the Commission (DG SANCO), in particular public health, as well as animal health and food safety, and from now on, health products. EU agencies were created to advice European Institutions and Member States on health related measures. The harmonisation of marketing authorizations for medicinal products is far advanced in Europe through the European Medicines Agency based in London since 1995. Ten years later, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control was set up in Stockholm to coordinate the fight against communicable diseases and pandemic threats.