Sunscreen Use Behaviour And Most Frequently Used Active Ingredients Among Beachgoers On Cancun, Mexico (original) (raw)
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Prevalence and associated factors with sunscreen use in Southern Brazil: A population-based study
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2007
Background: Sunscreen use is important for the prevention of skin cancer, but population-based information about its prevalence and associated factors are scarce in Brazil. Objective: We sought to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors with sunscreen use among Brazilian adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with a representative sample of adults aged 20 years or older living in the urban area of the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. We evaluated sunscreen use at the beach, at work, and during outdoor sports, for at least 20 minutes between 10 AM and 4 PM, from December 2004 to March 2005. The outcome measure was dichotomized in individuals who never used sunscreen, and those who used sunscreen, regardless of frequency. Results: Prevalence of sunscreen use at the beach, work, and outdoor sports was 60.8% (95% confidence interval 55.6-66.0), 13.7% (95% confidence interval 10.7-16.6%), and 30.2% (95% confidence interval 24.1-36.3), respectively. At work, the median number of days of exposure was 70 days, whereas at the beach it was 10, and for sports it was 16. Women, whites, those with higher educational achievement, and those with higher income were more likely to use sunscreen. Limitations: No data on adequacy of sunscreen use were gathered. Conclusion: Our data show that the individuals most exposed to sunlight are those who use sunscreen the least. Interventions targeting this group are required, because this is also the population with the lowest socioeconomic level.
Sunscreen Behaviors Among Libyan Society Survey
Sunscreen products are available in wide scale for consumers, the topical use products act by either absorbing or scattering the UV radiation. Excessive UV radiation exposure have been shown to be associated with a series of dermatologic disorders, which symptoms may appear instantly, or even developed few years later in life. The objective of this study is to assess the behaviors, application and usebase of sunscreen. A questionnaire-based study was conducted in Tripoli province, Libya. The questionnaire included four broad categories, developed to explore and highlight the main behaviors during the use and application of sunscreen. Questionnaire circulated inside dermatology follow-up clinics and outside hospital. Respondent characteristics pattern reported as a percentages. Data were analyzed from 385 participants who had complete information regarding behaviors and use of sunscreen at Libyan society. With at least 70% of participants using and applying sunscreen, the majority of users were female 87.8%, and their age ranges from 20 to29 years, with frequent use more than 2 times per week. Whereas 57% of participants applied sunscreen as personal protection of their skin. In this survey, the questionnaire-based study provided valuable information about the behaviors and habits of applying sunscreen products. The majority of participants applied sunscreen to protect their W WO OR RL LD D J JO OU UR RN NA AL L O OF F P PH HA AR RM MA AC CY Y A AN ND D P PH HA AR RM MA AC CE EU UT TI IC CA AL L S SC CI IE EN NC CE ES S V Vo ol lu um me e 3 3, , I Is ss su ue e 4 4, , 3 33 39 9--3 35 51 1. . R Re es se ea ar rc ch h A Ar rt ti ic cl le e I Vol 3, Issue 4, 2014. 340 Nagib et al. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences skin, the market drives the users about the type of sunscreen and most of the participants gave the medical counsel and recommendation low attention.
Sunscreen Product Performance and Other Determinants of Consumer Preferences
JAMA Dermatology, 2016
IMPORTANCE Sunscreen use is a modifiable behavior that can help reduce the risk for skin cancer, prevent sunburns, mitigate photoaging, and treat photosensitive dermatoses. A better understanding of consumer sunscreen preferences would inform dermatologists in their own recommendations. OBJECTIVE To determine the characteristics and the most commonly cited positive and negative features of highly rated sunscreens described by consumers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The top 1 percentile of sunscreen products on Amazon.com as of December 2015 was selected according to average consumer review (Ն4 stars) and the highest number of consumer reviews. Descriptive data for each product were collected from the product page and manufacturer claims. The top 5 "most helpful" reviews (positive and critical) were analyzed and coded by a consensus qualitative coding scheme, which included positive and negative descriptors in 6 major categories according to consumer comments: affordability, cosmetic elegance, separate ratings, product ingredients, product performance, and skin compatibility. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to determine whether characteristics of each product (eg, American Academy of Dermatology [AAD] criteria, sun protection factor [SPF], or vehicle) could be used to predict price per ounce. The number (percentage) of comments categorized by major themes and subthemes was determined. Illustrative consumer comments were also collected. RESULTS There were 6500 products categorized as sunscreens in the Amazon.com, online catalog. Of the 65 products evaluated, the median price per ounce was 3.32(range,3.32 (range, 3.32(range,0.68-$23.47). Of products, 40% (26 of 65) did not adhere to AAD guidelines (broad spectrum, SPF Ն30, and water resistant) for sunscreens. Vehicles, fulfillment of AAD criteria, and sunscreen type predicted a higher price per ounce. Cosmetic elegance was the most cited positive feature (198 of 325 [61%] comments) followed by product performance (146 of 325 [45%] comments) and skin type compatibility (78 of 325 [24%] comments). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort of highly rated sunscreen products, a significant proportion did not adhere to AAD guidelines, mostly attributable to a lack of water resistance. The most striking variation in this cohort was price, which varied by more than 3000%. Dermatologists should balance the importance of cosmetic elegance, cost, and AAD guidelines for sun protection in making their recommendations to consumers.
Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2019
The association of sunrays with skin damage have been known since medieval times. The description of the electromagnetic spectrum facilitated the identification of the ultraviolet light spectrum as being responsible for skin damage resulting from prolonged skin exposure. Sunscreens have been used since ancient civilizations with various measures to limit exposure to sun exposure being employed. Awareness of the risks associated with sunrays has been increasing in the last century, and as a result, the science, technologies, and formulation have advanced significantly. The use of sunscreen products continues rising as government health agencies seek to contain increasing cases of UV induced melanomas. Recreational sunbathing and artificial tanning have increased the risk for these diseases significantly. This review article sought to expound the scientific basis of sunscreen use, the classification, formulation, quality control and regulation across the different countries around the world. The literature review was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane, BMJ, SCIELO among others.
In vitro assessment of commercial sunscreens available in Latin America
Investigación Clínica, 2014
In Latin America, people have largely abandoned the practice of wearing hats and traditional clothing that provided skin protection. Sunscreen application has therefore become essential to protect against the increased sun exposure. The physician-prescribed medical-grade sunscreens provide sufficient sun protection but the requirement for regular use puts a financial burden on the patient that is often not sustainable. An appropriate sunscreen should provide a high and broad ultraviolet (UV) protection against UVB and UVA. Several over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreens have been developed for sale at affordable prices and are available for purchase in convenient locations, such as local grocery stores. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro UV protection of 34 popular OTC sunscreens found in the Latin American market. UV absorbance/transmittance was quantified by diffusion transmission spectroscopy using coarse silica plaques. Photostability was tested by irradiating them with ...
Long-term Trend in Sunscreen Use among Beachgoers in Denmark
Acta Dermato Venereologica, 2017
This observational study examined the trend from the 1990s to 2016 of sunscreen use, sun protection factor (SPF) and quantity of sunscreen applied amongst beachgoers in Denmark. In 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2016, a total of 1,306 beachgoers were asked if they had used sunscreen on that day and, if so, which SPF. In 1992 and 2016 another 143 beachgoers had their sunscreen bottles weighed before and after application. The frequency of sunscreen use among women increased from 45% in 1997 to 78% in 2016, while the frequency of use among men increased from 39% to 49%. For both sexes the median SPF increased, on average, by one unit per year, from SPF 5 in 1997 to SPF 20 in 2016. The quantity of sunscreen applied increased from 0.48 mg/cm 2 in 1992 to 0.57 mg/cm 2 in 2016. Thus, the frequency of sunscreen use, the SPF, and the quantity of sunscreen applied have increased in the recent decades.
Photoprotectors profile in Brazilian sunscreens
Surgical & Cosmetic Dermatology
Introduction: Photoprotectors are the active ingredients of sunscreens with the capability of protecting the skin against UV radiation. An increasing number of such photoprotection ingredients have been launched in the marketplace, causing sunscreens' formulas to become increasingly varied. Objective: To list the main active photoprotection ingredients contained in formulations commercially available in Brazil, as well as to document the presence of other ingredients contained in sunscreens. Methods: The authors inspected four drugstores in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and analyzed the formulas of the SPF 30 sunscreens available. The active photoprotector substances found in all formulations were listed and the percentage of each of them was compared to those contained in all sunscreens evaluated. The presence of plant extracts and antioxidants was also documented. Results: Thirty commercially available SPF 30 sunscreens were found in different drugstores, having their formulas analyzed. Within this sample, there were 17 different active photoprotection principles, of which titanium dioxide was the most frequently found, followed by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine. Conclusion: The present study lists the profiles of photoprotection active principles found in the main sunscreens on sale in Brazil and provides data for further evaluation of changes in these profiles over time, as new sunscreens are launched in the marketplace.
Dermatology and Therapy
Introduction: The shortcomings of standardized sunscreen testing have been discussed in recent years, noting differences between how sunscreens perform in indoor clinical (in vivo) laboratory testing compared with real-life conditions. We previously developed an outdoor clinical method for ranking sunscreens by performance level. We used this method to test the performance of a new broad-spectrum sunscreen against International Organization for Standardization (ISO) reference products P3, P5 and P8. Methods: Sixty-five healthy volunteers with individual typology angle (ITA) C 28°(light to intermediate skin colour) participated in an outdoor study in Mauritius. Test areas were marked on their backs, which were treated with the different products: one commercially available broad-spectrum sun protection factor (SPF) 50 sunscreen [investigational product (IP)] and the three reference products P3 (SPF 15), P5 (SPF 30) and P8 (SPF 50?) from ISO norm 24444:2019 for SPF testing. The test areas were exposed for 2-3 h, depending on the baseline skin colour. They were also compared with an unprotected positive control area and a nonexposed negative control area. Clinical and colorimetry assessment of erythema and pig-Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at