The Hodgkin-Huxley Nerve Axon Model (original) (raw)
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Neuroelectric potentials derived from an extended version of the Hodgkin-Huxley model
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1966
In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley and others generated a revolution in our concept of the axon membrane and how it propagates the action potential. In 1959, Bullock described another revolution, a "quiet revolution" in our concept of the functions performed by the remainder of the nerve cell. In this paper we have attempted to show a possible connection between these two revolutions. We have proposed that a single unifying concept, that of the Modem Ionic Hypothesis, can account for almost all of the diverse behavior described by Bullock. In addition, we have attempted to demonstrate the value of electronic analogs in the study of systems as complex as that of the neural membrane.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2020
https://www.ijert.org/the-hodgkin-huxley-model-analysis-of-dynamic-behavior-of-the-action-potential-in-the-giant-squid-axon https://www.ijert.org/research/the-hodgkin-huxley-model-analysis-of-dynamic-behavior-of-the-action-potential-in-the-giant-squid-axon-IJERTV9IS050731.pdf The main concern of modelling a biological neuron using any electronic circuit to create qualitive models. A nerve cell reacts to a stimulus with a voltage shift or an energy potential gap between the cell and its environment resulting in a spike in voltage. To generate action potential, different methods should be implemented. To improve the propagation of action potential, we use an accurate and efficient method i.e. Hodgkin- Huxley model. The Hodgkin-Huxley experiment is a quantitative description of the actual movement of the neuronal membrane across ion- selective channels, and demonstrated the underpinnings of cell physiology as one of the most revolutionary studies of the 20th century and beyond. Using simple, first-order, ordinary differential equations, Hodgkin and Huxley were able to explain their time behavior using potassium (K) and sodium (Na) streams of intracellular membrane potential and currents. This was done using parameters equipped with a voltage clamp test on the giant axon of the squid. MATLAB simulates the kinetics of ionic currents, effects of alteration of the component currents, and the analysis time step.
Biophysical Journal, 1972
Repetitive response patterns resembling those of tonic receptors were obtained by increasing the potassium system time constant in the Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) equations. The increase in time constant varied with membrane potential. Calculated spike frequencies varied linearly with the magnitude of the constant current stimulus; in addition, minimum frequencies were greatly reduced, and the frequency range increased. Modification of the maximum ionic conductances, membrane capacitance, and rate constant voltage dependence was found to vary the minimum frequency, current at that frequency, slope, and overall modulation of the modified responses.
Effects of maximal sodium and potassium conductance on the stability of Hodgkin-Huxley model
Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2014
Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) equation is the first cell computing model in the world and pioneered the use of model to study electrophysiological problems. The model consists of four differential equations which are based on the experimental data of ion channels. Maximal conductance is an important characteristic of different channels. In this study, mathematical method is used to investigate the importance of maximal sodium conductance gNA and maximal potassium conductance gK. Applying stability theory, and taking gNA and gK as variables, we analyze the stability and bifurcations of the model. Bifurcations are found when the variables change, and bifurcation points and boundary are also calculated. There is only one bifurcation point when gNA is the variable, while there are two points when gK is variable. The (gNA, gK) plane is partitioned into two regions and the upper bifurcation boundary is similar to a line when both gNA and gK are variables. Numerical simulations illustrate the valid...
Electroanalysis, 2017
Nerve conduction has been frequently explained by the Hodgkin-Huxley equation based on the flow of K + and Na + across the cell membrane. By considering the relation between the membrane potential and the membrane current based on the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation, it becomes clear that the conventional analysis using the voltage-clamp method is not correct and that the hyperpolarization condition is artificially made. Taking into account the channel functions and the electronic properties, we suggested a new propagation mechanism. When the nerve cell is excited by an external stimulus, the ligand-gated channels at the synapse serve as an electric power source to propagate the change in the membrane potential to the synapse terminal along the axon and the voltage-gated channels at the axon locally assist the directional propagation along the axon.