METHODS FOR EEG MEASUREMENT AND PROCESSING (original) (raw)
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FUNDAMENTALS OF EEG MEASUREMENT
Electroencephalographic measurements are commonly used in medical and research areas. This review article presents an introduction into EEG measurement. Its purpose is to help with orientation in EEG field and with building basic knowledge for performing EEG recordings. The article is divided into two parts. In the first part, background of the subject, a brief historical overview, and some EEG related research areas are given. The second part explains EEG recording.
An Electroencephalography or EEG signal carries the valuable information to study the functioning of brain and neurobiological disorders. EEG is a special type of technique for the measurement of brain electrical functions which is nothing but a graphical representation of difference in voltages from two sites of brain recorded over time. Since these EEG measurements are used in Medical and research areas, this is considered to be one of the noninvasive method to study and examine the human brain. This paper imparts sufficient information for understanding the concept of EEG signals and its recording system along with their application in some specific areas.
The neurophysiological bases of EEG and EEG measurement: a review for the rest of us
Psychophysiology, 2014
A thorough understanding of the EEG signal and its measurement is necessary to produce high quality data and to draw accurate conclusions from those data. However, publications that discuss relevant topics are written for divergent audiences with specific levels of expertise: explanations are either at an abstract level that leaves readers with a fuzzy understanding of the electrophysiology involved, or are at a technical level that requires mastery of the relevant physics to understand. A clear, comprehensive review of the origin and measurement of EEG that bridges these high and low levels of explanation fills a critical gap in the literature and is necessary for promoting better research practices and peer review. The present paper addresses the neurophysiological source of EEG, propagation of the EEG signal, technical aspects of EEG measurement, and implications for interpretation of EEG data.
Sanei/EEG Signal Processing, 2013
Introduction to EEG The neural activity of the human brain starts between the 17th and 23rd week of prenatal development. It is believed that from this early stage and throughout life electrical signals generated by the brain represent not only the brain function but also the status of the whole body. This assumption provides the motivation to apply advanced digital signal processing methods to the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals measured from the brain of a human subject, and thereby underpins the later chapters of the book. Although nowhere in this book do the authors attempt to comment on the physiological aspects of brain activities there are several issues related to the nature of the original sources, their actual patterns, and the characteristics of the medium, that have to be addressed. The medium defines the path from the neurons, as so-called signal sources, to the electrodes, which are the sensors where some form of mixtures of the sources are measured. Understanding of neuronal functions and neurophysiological properties of the brain together with the mechanisms underlying the generation of signals and their recordings is, however, vital for those who deal with these signals for detection, diagnosis, and treatment of brain disorders and the related diseases. A brief history of EEG measurements is first provided. 1.1 History Carlo Matteucci (1811-1868) and Emil Du Bois-Reymond (1818-1896) were the first people to register the electrical signals emitted from muscle nerves using a galvanometer and established the concept of neurophysiology [1,2]. However, the concept of action current introduced by Hermann Von Helmholz [3] clarified and confirmed the negative variations that occur during muscle contraction. Richard Caton (1842-1926), a scientist from Liverpool, England, used a galvanometer and placed two electrodes over the scalp of a human subject and thereby first recorded brain activity in the form of electrical signals in 1875. Since then, the concepts of electro-(referring to registration of brain electrical activities) encephalo-(referring to emitting the signals from the head), and gram (or graphy), which means drawing or writing, were combined so that the term EEG was henceforth used to denote electrical neural activity of the brain.
Practical Recommendations for Conducting an EEG Study in a Neurophysiological Laboratory
Advances in Electroencephalography and Brain Connectome
The method of electroencephalography is an accurate and objective method of recording the bioelectrical activity of the brain, used both in scientific research and in clinical practice. However, achieving a high-quality result requires a lot of preparatory work. This chapter describes the technology for conducting electroencephalographic studies, their subsequent analysis, and presentation of results that are understandable to both a specialist neurophysiologist and a practicing neurologist. You will also find a description of the organization of the EEG study, the choice of scenario, functional tests, and the basics of forming a medical report. We will also consider individual issues of organizing an EEG study in people who have had a stroke, and multichannel and functional EEG studies.