Making GHG Emissions Trading Work—Crucial Issues in Designing National and International Emissions Trading Systems (original) (raw)

The European Emission Trading System and Its Followers

SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 2016

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Kyoto Commitment and Emission Trading: A European Union Perspective

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

This paper presents an estimation of the cost of reducing CO 2 emissions as agreed in Kyoto by Annex I countries. Unlike most of the existing literature, this paper focuses on European Union countries abatement costs and, using a simple model, estimates the role of each EU country within a EU market as well as an Annex 1 market. As a major result, marginal (and total) abatement costs for each EU country (as well as the EU total cost) are presented. Some conclusions on the redistribution of income among market participants related to the trading system are also shown.

Emission Reduction through the Kyoto Protocol's Joint Implementation

This paper concentrates on the Joint Implementation (JI) mechanism – one of the flexible mechanisms allowing a developed country with an emission reduction or limitation commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to meet part of the target. In the sense of investigating “diversity”, the analysis focuses mainly on Germany, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. The case study method is applied to find out and analyze similarities and differences between these countries regarding the role of the JI mechanism. Particular insight follows from an analysis of the state of the economy in combination with the extent of environmental awareness, the role of JI host or investor country, the structure of the JI projects and effects of the “carbon” market. The resulting observations will lead to conclusions and recommendations for the further development of the JI mechanism.

Economic effects of national emissions trading schemes; national dilemma’s within a global issue

2002

This paper investigates the effects of the various systems of tradeable allowances for CO2-emissions in the Netherlands. These effects are compared with those of raising and adapting the current energy taxes. The results show that a hybrid emissions system (with a absolute cap for sheltered sectors and a relative cap for exposed sectors) performs best in terms of a net national income measure of welfare. An emissions reduction of 12 Mton in 2010 results in carbon price of 95 Euro per ton carbon dioxide and 0.3% loss of Net National Income (NNI). A uniform emission ceiling yields a lower CO2price (45 Euro/ton), but also a lower national income (-1.1%), due to the relocation of energy-intensive exposed sectors across the border. Increasing energy taxes within the current tax system is also less efficient (-0.7% NNI), due to the inferior design. From an economic point of view, a national hybrid system of CO2-trading is an expensive policy instrument, due to the high transaction costs o...