Antisocial personality disorder as a predictor of criminal behaviour in a longitudinal study of a cohort of abusers of several classes of drugs: Relation to type of substance and type of crime (original) (raw)
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Addictive behaviors, 2008
Mixed findings have been made with regard to the long-term predictive validity of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) on criminal behaviour in samples of substance abusers. A longitudinal record-linkage study of a cohort of 1052 drug abusers admitted 1977-1995 was undertaken. Subjects were recruited from a detoxification and short-term rehabilitation unit in Lund, Sweden, and followed through criminal justice registers from their first treatment episode to death or to the year 2004. In a ML multinomial random effects regression, subjects diagnosed with antisocial personality disorders were 2.16 times more likely to be charged with theft only (p b 0.001), and 2.44 times more likely to be charged committing multiple types of crime during an observation year (p b 0.001). The findings of the current study support the predictive validity of the DSM-III-R diagnosis of ASPD. ASPD should be taken seriously in drug abusers, and be targeted in treatment to prevent crime in society.
The American Journal on …, 2006
A sample of 125 consecutive patients from a Swedish detoxification unit were followed up at five years. Register data on criminal behavior were retrieved for 99% of all subjects, including those who were deceased at follow-up, and 76% of living subjects were interviewed. A diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) at intake was associated with incarceration, continuous drug use, dependence on welfare support, and fulfilling criteria of adult ASPD at follow-up. Regardless of ASPD status, a decline was seen in drug-related convictions, but subjects with ASPD were found to continue to commit other crimes. (Am J Addict
ABSTRACT Purpose: To examine the relationship between substance dependency and personality disorders. Materials and Methods: Ninety eight patients with substance dependency who had referred to a psychiatry and substance rehabilitation center in Tehran took part in this study. Data were collected using questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Participants were examined for conduct and antisocial personality disorders. Non-parametric tests were used for data analysis. Results: Eighty eight percentage of the participants showed adult antisocial behaviors. Forty two percentage of the patients with substance dependency were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder, while 47.9% (n = 47) suffered from conduct disorder. Only 22 participants had such problems before beginning substance abuse. Abuse frequency, financial status, previous attempts to quit drugs, educational level and family background did not significantly affect the status of antisocial personality disorder and conduct disorder. However, smoking and using alcohol were found to be playing a role in suffering from such disorders. Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrate a direct relationship between substance abuse and personality disorders. This indicates the need for more preventive measures to control substance abuse especially among teenagers in order to have fewer individuals with personality disorders in the society. Keywords: substance dependency; antisocial personality disorder; conduct disorder; drug abuse; antisocial behaviors.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2005
The purpose of this study was to provide nationally representative data on the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and comorbidity of antisocial syndromes across alcohol and 8 specific drug use disorders, including sedative, tranquilizer, opiate, stimulant, hallucinogen, cannabis, cocaine, and inhalant/solvent abuse and dependence. This study is based on a nationally representative sample of adults. Lifetime prevalences of antisocial syndromes were estimated and logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between antisocial syndromes and sociodemographic characteristics and substance use disorders. Diagnoses were made according to the criteria of the DSM-IV using the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. The lifetime prevalences of antisocial personality disorder (APD), conduct disorder, and adult antisocial behavior were 3.6%, 1.1%, and 12.3%, respectively. Preva...
Psychiatry Research, 2016
The aim of this study is to compare the features of two groups of cocaine dependent patients in treatment, one of them with co-morbid diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder and the other not. Cross-sectional design, with 143 cocaine-dependent patients attending a drug unit, distributed in two groups: patients with and without Antisocial Personality Disorder. As results, we found that the 15.38 % of the sample were diagnosed with an Antisocial Personality Disorder. In relation to socio-demographic variables, Antisocial Personality Disorder patients have less probability of being working or studying (9.1% vs. 47.9%). After multivariate analysis it was found that significantly Antisocial Personality Disorder patients have more opiates dependence (OR: 0.219; 95% IC 0.072-0.660), sedative dependence (OR: 0.203; 95% IC 0.062-0.644) and in more cases show Borderline Personality Disorder (OR: 0.239; 95% IC 0.077-0.746). This study highlights significant differences between cocaine addicts with or without an Antisocial Personality Disorder. All these differences are good indicators of the complexity of the patients with this personality disorder. Better knowledge of their profile will help us to improve the design of specific treatment programs.
Followup of cocaine-dependent men and women with antisocial personality disorder
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 2003
Long-term outcomes following drug treatment were examined for cocaine-dependent men (N = 453) and women (N = 254) with and without antisocial personality disorder (ASP). In-depth assessments were conducted at treatment intake in 1991 -93 and at 1 and 5 years following treatment discharge. Overall, 47.2% of the males and 34.3% of females were diagnosed with ASP using DSM-III-R criteria derived from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. All groups reduced their cocaine, marijuana, and alcohol use; reduced their levels of psychological distress; and improved in functioning (e.g., employment, arrests, residential status). At Year 5 ASP was associated with an increased likelihood of heavy alcohol use and additional substance abuse treatment among men, whereas women with ASP were more likely to report psychological problems and to receive mental health treatment and other services than either women without ASP or men with ASP. The findings suggest the need to address the specific treatment needs of male and female cocaine abusers with ASP. D
Personality disorder and criminal behaviour
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2012
Purpose of review: There is a well established association between personality disorder and offending but the nature of the relationship is less well understood. We reviewed the recent literature on personality disorder and offending, picking out studies that examined the relationship between the two. Recent findings: Cluster A, B and C personality disorders are each associated with different types of offences. Although rates of personality disorder are high in all serious offenders, the role played by personality disorder may be greater in some offences than others, for example, in rapists compared with child molesters, men who kill their fathers rather than their mothers, men who kill their children compared with mothers who kill their children; and in less severe stalking behaviour compared with those who get convictions. Three articles suggested frameworks for understanding how personality disorder may interact with other factors to contribute to offending. Summary: Frameworks that integrate personality traits; comorbid problems such as substance misuse, mood disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms; motivation for offending; maladaptive cognitions; beliefs and attitudes; anger and arousal; and situational factors are helpful when considering risk assessment, risk management and treatment. More empirical research is needed to test these theories.
2013
I The classification of social scientists of the abnormal, destructive, individual who does 1 not readily respond to treatment has lead to the controversy of causation and typology of this person. The diagnostic of this individual from a medical standpoint falls to psychology while I criminologists must take into account external dimensions as the effects of the antisocial personality (APD). Upwards of 65 to 75 percent of convicted criminals suffer from the I disorder. Criminologists have considered such a category lumping persons who do not clearly I fit into other typologies. Psychologists have argued APD as an adult version of juvenile conduct disorder. Such is do to the total disregard for the rights of others and the rules of I society. The Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) defines seven clinical 1 features: