A comparison of the mini mental state exam to the montreal cognitive assessment in identifying cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (original) (raw)
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Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease
2011
ing Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), but widely disparate criteria have been used. We assessed 143 PD patients and 50 matched controls on 20 measures across 4 cognitive domains (executive function, attention and working memory, learning and memory, visuoperception). Twenty-four patients met criteria for dementia (PD-D); nondementia patients were classified as either with normal cognition or MCI for 12 neuropsychological criteria. We compared the influence of these criteria on the distribution of global cognitive performance in the resulting PD-MCI groups relative to the control and PD-D groups. Different criteria produced substantial variation in the proportion of PD-MCI cases identified. Fourteen percent PD-MCI was found when using 2 scores in 1 domain at 2 standard deviations (SD) below normative scores, with no controls identified as MCI, through to 89% PD-MCI with 1 score in 1 domain at 1 SD below normative scores, when 70% of controls were identified as MCI. The balance of cases with impaired cognition but not those with generally intact cognition was better served by using criteria that required 2 specific deficit scores or deficits across 2 domains. As comparisons with external normative data may have greater applicability across centers, we suggest that 2 scores at 21.5 SD within any single domain (30% PD-MCI) or 1 score at 21.5 SD in each of 2 domains (37% PD-MCI) provide suitable criteria to minimize the inclusion of cognitively well patients. Clinical dementia rating did not improve the relative identification of cognitively impaired and unimpaired nondementia PD patients. V C 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Tools for diagnosis and assessment
Movement Disorders, 2009
Cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia are frequent and debilitating features associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Formal neuropsychological examination is required to ascertain the degree and pattern of CI over the course of the disease. The use of different tools may explain heterogeneous data obtained from studies to date. Normative data for extensively used scales [Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)] is incomplete in PD populations. According to sample characteristics, statistical analyses, and methodological quality, 33 studies using scales not specific to PD (MDRS, MMSE, Cambridge Cognitive Assessment, FAB) or PD-specific scales (Mini-Mental Parkinson, Scales for Outcomes of Parkinson's disease-Cognition, Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale, and Parkinson Neuropsychometric Dementia Assessment) were eligible for the critical analysis of their appropriateness to assess cognition in PD. Of the four scales specifically designed for PD, the SCOPA-COG and the PD-CRS have undergone extensive and rigorous validation processes. While the SCOPA-COG mainly assesses ''frontal-subcortical'' cognitive defects, the PD-CRS also assesses ''instrumental-cortical'' functions, allowing better characterization of the different patterns of CI that may be present in PD from the earliest stages. The MMP and PANDA scales were designed as brief screening tests for CI and have not yet been subjected to extensive clinimetric evaluations. Further research on PD-specific tools seems mandatory to help establish accurate cutoff scores for the diagnosis of mild PDD, detect cognitive profiles more prone to the future development of dementia, and allow comparisons between different descriptive or interventional studies.
A retrospective assessment of MDS criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
Objectives: A Movement Disorder Society (MDS) taskforce recently proposed diagnostic criteria for PD-MCI. This study first examined the prevalence and nature of PD-MCI in a non-demented cohort using the MDS criteria. Using the generic Monte Carlo simulation method developed by Crawford and colleagues (2007), this study then estimated the base rate of the representative population who would demonstrate PD-MCI due to chance alone. Methods: 104 participants with idiopathic PD underwent extensive motor and neuropsychological testing at baseline and 2 years later. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to assess motor symptoms of PD and a range of established neuropsychological tests were used to assess PD-MCI in accord with MDS criteria. Results: In accord with MDS criteria, 38% of this cohort demonstrated PD-MCI at baseline and 48% at follow-up. Of the 36 participants in the multiple-domain PD-MCI subtype at time-1, 9 (25%) demonstrated no PD-MCI at follow up. An...
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 2020
Background: Administering an abbreviated global cognitive test, such as the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), is necessary for the recommended first-level diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Level II requires administering cognitive functioning neuropsychological tests. The MoCA's suitability for identifying PD-MCI is questionable and, despite the importance of cognitive deficits reflected through daily functioning in identifying PD-MCI, knowledge about it is scarce. Objectives: To explore neuropsychological test scores of PD patients who were categorized based on their MoCA scores and to analyze correlations between this categorization and patients' self-reports about daily functional-related cognitive abilities. Methods: Seventy-eight patients aged 42 to 78 years participated: 46 with low MoCA scores (22-25) and 32 with high MoCA scores (26-30). Medical assessments and Level II neuropsychological assessment tools were administered along with standardized self-report questionnaires about daily functioning that reflects patients' cognitive abilities. Results: A high percentage of the low MoCA group obtained neuropsychological test scores within the normal range; a notable number in the high MoCA group were identified with MCIlevel scores on various neuropsychological tests. Suspected PD-MCI according to the Level I criteria did not correspond well with the Level II criteria. Positive correlations were found among the three self-report questionnaires.
Parkinson's disease-cognitive rating scale: A new cognitive scale specific for Parkinson's disease
Movement Disorders, 2008
Cognitive defects associated with cortical pathology may be a marker of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD). There is a need to improve the diagnostic criteria of PD dementia (PDD) and to clarify the cognitive impairment patterns associated with PD. Current neuropsychological batteries designed for PD are focused on fronto-subcortical deficits but are not sensitive for cortical dysfunction. We developed a new scale, the Parkinson's Disease-Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS), that was designed to cover the full spectrum of cognitive defects associated with PD. We prospectively studied 92 PD patients [30 cognitively intact (CogInt), 30 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 32 PDD] and 61 matched controls who completed the PD-CRS and neuropsychological tests assessing the cognitive domains included in the PD-CRS. Acceptability, construct validity, reliability, and the discriminative properties of the PD-CRS were examined. The PD-CRS included items assessing fronto-subcortical defects and items assessing cortical dysfunction. Construct validity, test-retest and inter-rater reliability of PD-CRS total scores showed an intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70. The PD-CRS showed an excellent test accuracy to diagnose PDD (sensitivity 94%, specificity 94%). The PD-CRS total scores and confrontation naming item scores-assessing ''cortical'' dysfunction-independently differentiated PDD from non-demented PD. Alternating verbal fluency and delayed verbal memory independently differentiated the MCI group from both controls and CogInt. The PD-CRS appeared to be a reliable and valid PDspecific battery that accurately diagnosed PDD and detected subtle fronto-subcortical deficits. Performance on the PD-CRS showed that PDD is characterized by the addition of cortical dysfunction upon a predominant and progressive fronto-subcortical impairment.
Assessment of cognition in Parkinson's disease
Neurology, 2003
To develop a short, practical instrument that is sensitive to the specific cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD) for comparing groups in research situations and for assessing change in cognitive functioning over time. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify the most frequently affected cognitive domains in PD and to select candidate items for the initial scale. This scale was tested in 85 patients and 75 age-, education-, and sex-matched control subjects. Items that met predefined criteria for data quality, reproducibility, and discriminative properties were included in the final scale. Results: The final scale, the SCOPA-COG (SCales for Outcomes of PArkinson's disease-cognition), consists of 10 items with a maximum score of 43, with higher scores reflecting better performance. The test-retest reliability of the total score was 0.78 (intraclass correlation coefficient) and ranged from 0.40 to 0.75 for individual items (weighted). Cronbach's ␣ was 0.83. Construct validity of the scale was supported by the expected correlations with the CAMCOG (Cambridge Cognitive Examination) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and by differences found between groups of participants classified by dementia status and between patients grouped by disease severity. The scale showed a clear trend toward lower cognition scores for patients with more advanced PD. The coefficient of variation of the SCOPA-COG was higher than that of the CAMCOG or the MMSE, indicating a better ability to detect differences between individuals. Conclusion: The SCOPA-COG is a short, reliable, and valid instrument that is sensitive to the specific cognitive deficits in PD.
Predictors of cognitive impairment in an early stage Parkinson's disease cohort
Movement Disorders, 2014
A B S T R AC T : The impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia is substantial and has major functional and socioeconomic consequences. Early prediction of future cognitive impairment would help target future interventions. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and fluency tests were administered to 486 patients with PD within 3.5 years of diagnosis, and the results were compared with those from 141 controls correcting for age, sex, and educational years. Eighteen-month longitudinal assessments were performed in 155 patients with PD. The proportion of patients classified with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia varied considerably, depending on the MoCA and MMSE thresholds used. With the MoCA total score at screening threshold, 47.7%, 40.5%, and 11.7% of patients with PD were classified with normal cognition, MCI, and dementia, respectively; by comparison, 78.7% and 21.3% of controls had normal cognition and MCI, respectively. Cognitive impairment was predicted by lower education, increased age, male sex, and quantitative motor and non-motor (smell, depression, and anxiety) measures. Longitudinal data from 155 patients with PD over 18 months showed significant reductions in MoCA scores, but not in MMSE scores, with 21.3% of patients moving from normal cognition to MCI and 4.5% moving from MCI to dementia, although 13.5% moved from MCI to normal; however, none of the patients with dementia changed their classification. The MoCA may be more sensitive than the MMSE in detecting early baseline and longitudinal cognitive impairment in PD, because it identified 25.8% of those who experienced significant cognitive decline over 18 months. Cognitive decline was associated with worse motor and non-motor features, suggesting that this reflects a faster progressive phenotype. V C 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Cognitive impairment and dementia are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), with a long-term cumulative prevalence of 80% for PD dementia (PDD). 1 The impact of PDD is substantial and has a major impact on independence, nursing home admission, psychiatric comorbidity, care-giver burden, and mortality. 2-4 Consequently, there is interest in a potential transition stage-PD with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) ---
Detecting Mild Cognitive Deficits in Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of Neuropsychological Tests
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2018
Numerous neuropsychological tests and test versions are used in Parkinson's disease research, but their relative capacity to detect mild cognitive deficits and their comparability across studies are unknown. The objective of this study was to identify neuropsychological tests that consistently detect cognitive decline in PD across studies. Data from 30 normed neuropsychological tests across 20 international studies in up to 2908 nondemented PD patients were analyzed. A subset of 17 tests was administered to up to 1247 healthy controls. A 2-step meta-analytic approach using standardized scores compared performance in PD with normative data. Pooled estimates of the differences between PD and site-specific healthy controls identified significant cognitive deficits in PD patients on 14 test scores across 5 commonly assessed cognitive domains (attention or working memory, executive, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities), but healthy control performance was statistically above...