Comparative Evaluation of HVDC and HVAC Transmission Systems (original) (raw)

Comparative study of HVAC and HVDC transmission systems

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016

Transport of energy over long distances from remote natural sources to consumers in big cities requires technical, economic and environmental considerations. Uncertain wind flow, sunshine, faults and communication failures can compromise system safety, reliability, power quality during small signal and large scale power system oscillations. HVAC systems tackle power swing issue by electrical islanding protection schemes which would need to be revised for integrated AC/DC systems. Advent of DC transformers, CSC-HVDC, VSC-HVDC and MMC-HVDC technologies have enabled the enhancement of power delivery and integration of renewable energy sources under smart grid vision. HVDC transmission lines are recognized as an efficient alternative to HVAC lines. HVAC system power transfer capability is limited by reactance, whereas HVDC lines can be loaded up to the conductor thermal limit. This paper reviews power transfer capabilities of HVAC, HVDC and High Phase Order (HPO) HVAC lines to compare their relative performance under diverse conditions. Techno-economic analysis of converting existing AC lines into DC lines is presented. High voltage race has been analyzed in context of environmental concerns and HVDC transmission systems are concluded to be the right path to energy transition.

HVAC VS HVDC Power System: Contemporary Development In HVAC And HVDC Power Transmission System

International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2021

The ability to transfer power in HVAC (High Voltage Alternating Current) system has undergone limitation by reactance when compared with the fact that systems of HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) can be accumulated to thermal limitation of the conductor. The transfer of power capabilities in HVDC and HVAC systems are compared with reference to their performance in different situations. Technological analysis conversion of existing alternating current (AC) lines into direct current (DC) lines is being presented, the race of high voltage is being analyzed in environmental consideration context and HVDC systems of transmission are the appropriate path to energy transition in conclusion.

HVDC & FACTS

Development of electrical power supplies began more than one hundred years ago. At the beginning, there were only small DC networks within narrow local boundaries, which were able to cover the direct needs of industrial plants. The growing trends towards the rapid increase of load and present development systems have made it necessary to transmit more power over long distances to cope with the demands. The reliability and flexibility of power transmission by AC isindisputable. The problem of AC transmission particularly in long distance transmission has lead to development of DC transmission. It has been proved that AC is better from generation and utilization point of view while DC is preferable for transmission over very long distances. In a combined AC and DC system generated AC voltage is converted into DC voltage at sending end and DC voltage is inverted into AC voltage at the receiving end for distribution purpose.

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)Transmission Systems Technology Review Paper

Synopsis Beginning with a brief historical perspective on the development of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems, this paper presents an overview of the status of HVDC systems in the world today. It then reviews the underlying technology of HVDC systems, and discusses the HVDC systems from a design, construction, operation and maintenance points of view. The paper then discusses the recent developments in HVDC technologies. The paper also presents an economic and financial comparison of HVDC system with those of an AC system; and provides a brief review of reference installations of HVDC systems. The paper concludes with a brief set of guidelines for choosing HVDC systems in today's electricity system development.

A Review on Fundamentals of HVDC Transmission

This paper deals with the basic knowledge for engineers to study about the need for HVDC transmission, applications, advantages, disadvantages, types and basic components of HVDC transmission. In addition, a review was given on the recent trends in HVDC transmission. The advantages of thyristor valves were discussed. The drawbacks of mercury arc valves were also indicated in this paper. This paper discusses only the basic fundamentals of HVDC. The first HVDC link in the world was indicated in this review paper.

Why And Why Not To Go For HVDC

Talking about the expansion taking place in power of electronic apparatus, a noteworthy influence has been put up by the evolution of high-power and high-voltage semiconductor technology. Complete or partial deregulated networks have used this approach in order to carry out management and other efficient operations related to electrical grids. High-Voltage Direct-Current (HVDC) transmission of power as well as the Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) has advanced forward to fit in the futuristic aspects. In this paper, we have presented a brief as well as deep overview of aspects related to HVDC which can help to decide whether to go for HVDC or for any other option. Firstly, history of the HVDC is discussed which is followed by the introduction of different types of links used by HVDC. The key factors which need to focused upon while taking the any decision related to transmission systems is then explained by analyzing and considering the conceptual, economical, environmental and technical perspectives. Reasons for why and why not to go for HVDC are then presented. It squabbles that HVAC can take a back seat in some scenarios whereas HVDC will stand the test of futuristic challenges as the emphasized advantages of HVDC will always turn out to be winners as compared to its disadvantages. Some of major HVDC transmission systems and HVDC application areas are explained. The paper concludes by pinpointing the open future research challenges related to this technology.

IJERT-Ehvac hvdc transmission system for power upgrading of transmission

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2013

https://www.ijert.org/ehvac-hvdc-transmission-system-for-power-upgrading-of-transmission https://www.ijert.org/research/ehvac-hvdc-transmission-system-for-power-upgrading-of-transmission-IJERTV2IS110572.pdf The present day electric power transmission system needs the review of theory and practice, on the basis of new concepts that allow full utilization of existing transmission facilities without decreasing system availability and security. The effective way to achieve this goal with simultaneous ac-dc power transmission in which the conductors are allowed to carry superimposed dc current along with ac current. Ac and dc power flow independently and the added dc power flow does not cause any transient instability. In this paper, the feasibility study of conversion of a double circuit ac line to composite ac-dc line without altering the original line conductors, tower structures, and insulator strings has been presented. In this scheme, the dc power flow is point-to-point bipolar transmission system.

Investigating theWorking Procedure of HVDC Electric Power Transmission Systems

High-voltage, direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system are the well known and commonly used systems in modern and large scale power systems. In these systems, the electricity is transmitted through high voltage DC lines for the sake of reducing costs and losses. In this paper, the working procedure, advantages and disadvantages of these systems is thoroughly reviewed and discussed.

Trends for future HVDC Applications

During their development, power systems become more and more interconnected and heavily loaded. With the increasing size and complexity of systems and as the result of the liberalization of the electrical markets, needs for innovative applications and technical improvements of the grids will further increase. HVDC plays an important role for these tasks. Commercial applications of HVDC started in the 1950ies. In the meantime, HVDC became a reliable and economically important alternative for AC transmission, offering advantages in the operation of power systems in addition to the power transfer. The paper discusses expected present and future HVDC applications. Integration of HVDC into AC systems will be used more frequently as it can simplify the system configuration, control load flow and, at the same time, it improves the dynamic system performance and increases the system reliability. For the interconnection of large power systems HVDC offers technical and economical advantages, especially if the interconnection is weak. The connection of remote power stations to the system, e.g. offshore wind generation, can be effectively put into practice by means of HVDC. Advantages of these applications will be discussed and demonstrated by implemented projects. KEY WORDS: Power system development, use of HVDC, types of HVDC transmissions, integration of HVDC into AC systems, project examples

Challenges arising from use of HVDC

Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, 2018

Direct Current (DC) power systems have been in use since the early 1880s. However, for more than 100 years the 3 phase AC transmission system has been the dominant transmission system for electric power. The main reason for this is the ease of changing voltage levels and grid connection using reliable AC transformers and breakers. During the last 60 years new converter technology has made HVDC the most efficient and economical long distance point to pointpower transmission transportation. In order to satisfy the growing demand of electric energy consumption, new high capacity multi-terminal HVDC systems need to be developed. This is considered an enabling technology for access to remote renewable energy sources such as off-shore wind farms, hydroelectric power and desert solar plants.This review shows that acceptable solutions have to be found to interrupt HVDC short circuit currents. Higher voltage means that new types of reliable HVDC insulation systems have to be developed, incl...