Application and validation study in the gas network of L’Aquila (original) (raw)
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SYNER-G Deliverable, 2013
Foreword SYNER-G is a European collaborative research project funded by European Commission (Seventh Framework Program, Theme 6: Environment) under Grant Agreement no. 244061. The primary purpose of SYNER-G is to develop an integrated methodology for the systemic seismic vulnerability and risk analysis of buildings, transportation and utility networks and critical facilities, considering for the interactions between different components and systems. The whole methodology is implemented in an open source software tool and is validated in selected case studies. The research consortium relies on the active participation of twelve entities from Europe, one from USA and one from Japan. The consortium includes partners from the consulting and the insurance industry. SYNER-G developed an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socioeconomic seismic vulnerability and risk at the urban/regional level. The built environment is modelled according to a detailed taxonomy, grouped into the following categories: buildings, transportation and utility networks, and critical facilities. Each category may have several types of components and systems. The framework encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socioeconomic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for all relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme, and modelling interactions between the multiple component systems. The methodology and software tools are validated in selected sites and systems in urban and regional scale: city of Thessaloniki (Greece), city of Vienna (Austria), harbour of Thessaloniki, gas system of L'Aquila in Italy, electric power network, roadway network and hospital facility again in Italy. The scope of the present series of Reference Reports is to document the methods, procedures, tools and applications that have been developed in SYNER-G. The reports are intended to researchers, professionals, stakeholders as well as representatives from civil protection, insurance and industry areas involved in seismic risk assessment and management.
Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 2014
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SYNER-G Deliverable, 2013
Foreword SYNER-G is a European collaborative research project funded by European Commission (Seventh Framework Program, Theme 6: Environment) under Grant Agreement no. 244061. The primary purpose of SYNER-G is to develop an integrated methodology for the systemic seismic vulnerability and risk analysis of buildings, transportation and utility networks and critical facilities, considering for the interactions between different components and systems. The whole methodology is implemented in an open source software tool and is validated in selected case studies. The research consortium relies on the active participation of twelve entities from Europe, one from USA and one from Japan. The consortium includes partners from the consulting and the insurance industry. SYNER-G developed an innovative methodological framework for the assessment of physical as well as socioeconomic seismic vulnerability and risk at the urban/regional level. The built environment is modelled according to a detailed taxonomy, grouped into the following categories: buildings, transportation and utility networks, and critical facilities. Each category may have several types of components and systems. The framework encompasses in an integrated fashion all aspects in the chain, from hazard to the vulnerability assessment of components and systems and to the socioeconomic impacts of an earthquake, accounting for all relevant uncertainties within an efficient quantitative simulation scheme, and modelling interactions between the multiple component systems. The methodology and software tools are validated in selected sites and systems in urban and regional scale: city of Thessaloniki (Greece), city of Vienna (Austria), harbour of Thessaloniki, gas system of L'Aquila in Italy, electric power network, roadway network and hospital facility again in Italy. The scope of the present series of Reference Reports is to document the methods, procedures, tools and applications that have been developed in SYNER-G. The reports are intended to researchers, professionals, stakeholders as well as representatives from civil protection, insurance and industry areas involved in seismic risk assessment and management.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013
Despite the seismic vulnerability of gas systems and the significance of the direct and indirect consequences that loss functionality might have on large communities, the analysis of the earthquake performance and of post-earthquake management for this kind of distribution networks appears under-represented in the international literature, with respect to other lifeline systems. To contribute on this matter, the study presented comprises an investigation of the impact of L'Aquila 2009 earthquake (M w 6.3) on the performance of the local medium-and low-pressure gas distribution networks. The assessment of the physical impact of the earthquake to the buried components of network, namely pipes, valves, and demand nodes, was carried out when processing post-earthquake repair activity reports. Repair data, along with geometrical and constructive features, were collected in a geographic information system linked to the digitized maps of the network, and compared with the interpolated map of recorded transient ground motion, measured in terms of peak ground velocity (i.e., a Shakemap TM ). The impact of permanent ground deformation was also investigated and found to be limited in the study area. The resulting observed repair rates (number of repairs per km), presented for different pipeline materials, were compared with repair ratio fragility functions available in literature, showing relatively agreement especially to those for steel pipes, likely also because of the uncertainties in the estimations. Finally, the management of the L'Aquila gas system in the emergency phase and the resilience (functionality recover versus time) of the system was discussed.
Performance of the L'Aquila (central Italy) gas distribution network in the 2009 (Mw 6.3) earthquake
2013
Despite the seismic vulnerability of gas systems and the significance of the direct and indirect consequences that loss functionality might have on large communities, the analy- sis of the earthquake performance and of post-earthquake management for this kind of dis- tribution networks appears under-represented in the international literature, with respect to other lifeline systems. To contribute on this matter, the study presented comprises an investi- gation of the impact of L'Aquila 2009 earthquake (Mw 6.3) on the performance of the local medium- and low-pressure gas distribution networks. The assessment of the physical impact of the earthquake to the buried components of network, namely pipes, valves, and demand nodes, was carried out when processing post-earthquake repair activity reports. Repair data, along with geometrical and constructive features, were collected in a geographic informa- tion system linked to the digitized maps of the network, and compared with the inter...
Simulation-Based Seismic Risk Assessment of Gas Distribution Networks
Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 30(7), 508–523, DOI: 10.1111/mice.12105, 2015
The basic function of a gas distribution system, essentially composed of buried pipelines, reduction stations, and demand nodes, is to deliver gas from sources to end users. The objective of the article is to discuss the evaluation of seismic risk of gas networks in compliance with the performance-based earthquake engineering framework adapted to spatially distributed systems. In particular, three issues are addressed: (1) spatial seismic hazard characterization in terms of ground shaking and permanent ground deformation; (2) analysis of system's vulnerability via fragility curves; (3) seismic performance evaluation via computer-aided simulation. As an application, the seismic risk analysis of L'Aquila (central Italy) gas distribution network, a 621-km mid- and low-pressure pipeline system was considered. The analyses were performed with reference to the mid-pressure part of the network, through an object-oriented software, specific for risk assessment of lifelines, developed by the authors. Results in terms of connectivity-based performance indicators are presented and discussed, along with a performance disaggregation analysis carried out to evaluate the contribution of the components of the system to the risk.
Seismic vulnerability assessment at urban scale: state of the art and perspectives
2017
Italian territory is particularly sensitive to seismic actions. The Amatrice earthquake on August 24th 2016 confirmed this aspect. Such an event, nothing but extraordinary, has been able to cause huge and tragic damages. The direct knowledge of building features is the only prior measure to face seismic events. In order to get a realistic scenario of the urban damage distribution, the determination of useful seismic vulnerability assessment tools at urban scale becomes a priority. The widespread application of seismic vulnerability assessment sheets and the related data transformation into urban damage distribution plans is exactly what municipalities need. Main advantages are both in the chance of prior knowing the most affected areas to focus on for retrofitting interventions and in the possibility of organizing optimal emergency plans. In European framework, in the last decade, the Risk-UE project has played an important role. The Risk-UE project has proposed two methods for vuln...
Key Engineering Materials, 2014
The seismic vulnerability assessment of a building requires a comprehensive knowledge of both building structural features and soils geophysical parameters. To achieve a vulnerability assessment at the urban scale a large amount of data would be necessary, with a consequent involvement of time and economical resources. The aim of this paper is hence to propose a simplified procedure to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of urban centres and possible seismic damage scenarios in order to identify critical areas and/or building typologies to plan future actions of seismic risk mitigation and prevention. The procedure is applied to the outstanding case study of the city of Florence. The research is based on the definition of major building typologies related to construction periods and type of the structural system (masonry or reinforced concrete), the identification of a set of sample buildings, the analysis of the dynamic behaviour and the evaluation of a vulnerability index with an expeditious approach. The obtained results allow to define potential vulnerability and post-event damage scenarios related to the expected levels of peak ground acceleration.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2015
A procedure for seismic risk assessment is applied to the Mt. Etna area (eastern Sicily, Italy) through assessment of urban system dysfunction following the occurrence of an earthquake. The tool used is based on the Disruption Index as a concept implemented in Simulator QuakeIST, which defines urban disruption following a natural disaster. The first element of the procedure is the definition of the seismic input, which is based on information about historical seismicity and seismogenic faults. The second element is computation of seismic impact on the building stock and infrastructure in the area considered. Information on urban-scale vulnerability was collected and a geographic information system was used to organise the data relating to buildings and network systems (e.g., building stock, schools, strategic structures, lifelines). The central idea underlying the definition of the Disruption Index is identification and evaluation of the impact on a target community through the physical elements that most contribute to severe disruption. The procedure applied in this study (i.e., software and data) constitutes a very useful operational tool to drive the development of strategies to minimise risks from earthquakes. Keywords Seismic impact Á Disruption Index Á Urban system Á Risk measures Á Mt. Etna area (Italy)