Flexible TDMA/WDMA passive optical network: Energy efficient next-generation optical access solution (original) (raw)
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This paper discusses the key principles of Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) which is based on Time Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TDM PON) and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM PON), which is considered to be next generation passive optical network. In the present day scenario, access to broadband is increasing at a rapid pace. Because of the advantages of fiber access in terms of capacity and cost, most of the countries have started deploying GPON access as an important part of national strategy. Though GPON is promising, it has few limitations. On the other hand WDM PON, a next generation network, is quite promising unlike GPON, it is easily scalable and interoperable with different vendors. This paper provides an overview of GPON, WDM PON and its key dissimilarities based on technicalities and cost.
Optical Access Network Migration from GPON to XG-PON
2012
—The purpose of this paper is to give an introduction into the new standard base of next-generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON). Study and analysis of future trends in the development of next-generation fixed broadband optical network is performed. The main intention of this paper is to describe migration from Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network (GPON) to Ten-Gigabit-Capable Passive Optical Networks (XG-PON). Paper answers the question of what extent active and passive GPON elements need to be replaced and what needs to be added when migrating to XG-PON. Special focus is also pointed on the coexistence of GPON and XG-PON. Keywords-passive optical network; Gigabit PON; XG-PON; fiber to the home; optical access network I. I NTRODUCTION With new services like three-dimensional high-definition television, cloud computing, more and more internet based applications the required bandwidth to the end user is increasing constantly (approx. 50% per year by Nielsen’s law [1]). This gi...
Evolution of Optical Access Networks: Architectures and Capacity Upgrades
Proceedings of The IEEE, 2012
Passive optical network (PON) is one of the most successful broadband access architectures being deployed worldwide. PONs provide high capacity, increased reach, and low-power consumption at a very reasonable cost, on par with the cost of DSL deployments today. This paper provides an overview of present and emerging PON technologies, and discusses PON's important role in the evolution of optical access from the architectural perspective. While describing the evolution of optical access architecture, we present two important integration options: optical+wireless access integration and metro+access integration. Potential PON capacity upgrades are discussed with special emphasis on achieving a seamless upgrade. We evaluate different PON evolution strategies in the context of next-generation PON, where gradual, demand-based migration demonstrates a number of significant benefits.
IEEE Communications Magazine, 2005
Optical access networks are considered to be a definite solution to the problem of upgrading current congested access networks to ones capable of delivering future broadband integrated services. However, the high deployment and maintenance cost of traditional point-to-point architectures is a major economic barrier. Current TDM-PON architectures are economically feasible, but bandwidth-limited. In this article we first discuss the possible role of WDM in access networks and investigate the associated issues. We then present the Stanford University Access Hybrid WDM/TDM Passive Optical Network (SUCCESS-HPON), a next-generation hybrid WDM/TDM optical access architecture that focuses on providing a smooth migration path from current TDM-PONs to future WDM-PONs. The first testbed for this architecture is described, along with the experimental results obtained, including feasibility of bidirectional transmission on the same wavelength on the same fiber for access networks and ONU modulation of upstream data on continuous waves provided by the OLT, eliminating the need for tunable components at the ONUs. The development of a second testbed and the issues it will address, including the implementability of the SUCCESS-HPON MAC protocol and scheduling algorithms, are also described.
2007
Access networks with Passive Optical Network (PON) technology make possible the use of Triple-Play services (voice, data and television) and are considered as the solution for optical fiber access network to solve the last mile access problem. Although there are several proposed technical solutions, GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is the technology that has more possibilities of being deployed in the near future. In some places, given the socioeconomic characteristics of the surroundings, public authorities consider the possibility of deploying networks of this type so that they may be shared by several commercial operators and operated by some public organization. This situation generates new technical necessities for its accomplishment and for managing the amount of services that simultaneously a user can require. This diversity of operators, services and user requirements represents a challenge for the operators of the network who do not desire to jeopardize their SLA (Ser...
Hardware cost and capacity analysis of future TDM-and WDM-PON access networks
Future generations of PON networks are likely to extend the capabilities of current TDM solutions or apply WDM technology to further increase the exploited optical bandwidth. In this paper we estimate the equipment cost difference between WDM and TDM-PONs, modeling the expected short- and mid-term changes in hardware costs, in order to find the breakeven point of TDM and WDM cost with respect to per user bandwidth. We developed a Pareto access traffic model to take into account the bandwidth gain reachable through statistical multiplexing of the shared bandwidth for TDM solutions. Our results shows that WDM variants are likely to scale better with higher bandwidths, and are expected to outperform TDM-PONs about 600 Mb/s per user speed.
Evolution of Optical Access Networks
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
This chapter reviews the current developments in access network architectures and protocols to communicate dynamically the emerging broadband services to end-users at low cost. Following a summary of Gigabit Ethernet and Passive Optical Network (PON) standards and deployment issues with reference to Ethernet (EPON) and Gigabit-capable PON (GPON) infrastructures, an original transparent network architecture is presented to allow interoperability of time division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) PONs, by means of coarse routing. To provide flexible connectivity at extended service reach hybrid wireless and free space optic technologies have been investigated to terminate mobile end users to high bandwidth PON terminals. To demonstrate independent bandwidth management of the constituent sectors of such architectures developed dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms are summarised followed by an original control plane to coordinate the various mandatory access control (MAC) protocols. Finally, to provide reliable service delivery several protection schemes have been analysed.
Energy efficient optical access network technologies
2011
1. Introduction Fiber to the home (FTTH) is being widely spread to support the continuously expanding broadband services. While FTTH systems, such as passive optical network (PON) systems, are inherently more energy efficient than metallic access network systems for providing the broadband services [1], many network operators are getting interested in further reducing the power consumption of FTTH systems given the awareness of the climate change issue.