Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with (original) (raw)
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Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2002
Methanolic extract (75%) of Terminalia chebula , Terminalia belerica , Emblica officinalis and their combination named 'Triphala' (equal proportion of above three plant extracts) are being used extensively in Indian system of medicine. They were found to inhibit lipid peroxide formation and to scavenge hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro. The concentration of plant extracts that inhibited 50% of lipid peroxidation induced with Fe 2' /ascorbate were food to be 85.5, 27, 74 and 69 mg/ml, respectively. The concentration needed for the inhibition of hydoxyl radical scavenging were 165, 71, 155.5 and 151 mg/ml, and that for superoxide scavenging activity were found to be 20.5, 40.5, 6.5 and 12.5 mg/ml, respectively. Oral administration of the extracts (100 mg/kg body weight) reduced the blood sugar level in normal and in alloxan (120 mg/kg) diabetic rats significantly within 4 h. Continued, daily administration of the drug produced a sustained effect. #
South African Journal of Botany, 2020
Excessive production of free radicals in the living system leads to oxidative stress which is associated with degenerative disorders including diabetes. Diabetes is increasing at a rapid pace despite the availability of synthetic anti-hyperglycemic drugs in the market. Hence antioxidant and anti-diabetic compounds of natural origin have attracted attention for drug development. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential, a-amylase inhibitory and antidiabetic activity of aqueous (AQ) and ethyl acetate (EA) extracts of Terminalia bellirica fruit. Chemical methods were employed for phytochemical analysis. Antioxidant activities of extracts were measured using in vitro assays viz., DPPH free radical scavenging, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate assays. The antidiabetic potential was measured by in vitro a-amylase inhibitory activity and in vivo serum biochemical assays in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Chemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides as a major phytochemical in AQ and EA extracts of T. bellirica fruit. Quantitatively EA extract showed the presence of higher content of phenolics and flavonoids as compared to AQ extract. Further EA extract exhibited considerable free radical scavenging abilities in DPPH and HRSA assays (up to 94%), reducing power assay and appreciable total antioxidant power in phosphomolybdate assay (78 mgPGE/g). The EA extract exhibited comparatively better a-amylase inhibitory activity (IC50 43.5 mg/ml) as compared to AQ extract (IC50 74.8 mg/ml). The activity was comparable to standard drug acarbose. Antidiabetic activity of extracts was studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by monitoring the body weight, blood glucose, lipid profile and other biochemical parameters for 28 days. In diabetic rats both the extracts showed a restorative effect on body weight and blood biomarkers such as glucose, creatinine, total protein, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, urea and uric acid. The ethyl acetate extract also exhibited superiority over the aqueous extracts during in vivo antidiabetic assays. The results revealed that T. bellirica fruit extracts possess antioxidant, a-amylase inhibitory and antidiabetic activities and hence it could be useful for the management of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress.
African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2013
The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica are used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Hence, the phytochemical constituents as well as the acute toxicity of the combined chloroform extracts (A. occidentale + E. globulus and P. guajava + X. aethiopica) and their effects (at graded doses of 100 and 250 mg/kg body weight each) on the concentration of malondialdahyde (MDA), activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and concentration of vitamin C in diabetic and normal rats were investigated using standard methods. The phytochemical analyses of the four extracts showed the presence of terpenoids and fats and oil in all of them. Each of the combined extract was found to be non-toxic even at a dose as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight. The combined extracts at the tested doses significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-relatedly reduced the concentration of MDA, raised the activiti...
Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology
Free radicals and associated oxidative stress induced by alloxan are implicated in eliciting pathological changes in diabetes mellitus. Terminalia arjuna bark, an indigenous plant used in ayurvedic medicine in India, primarily as a cardiotonic is also used in treating diabetes, anemia, tumors and hypertension. The present study examined the effect of ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) of Terminalia arjuna stem bark in alloxan induced diabetic rats and its lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and nonenzymatic activity was investigated in the liver and kidney tissues. The extract produced significant (P<0.05) reduction in lipid peroxidation (LPO). The effect of oral T. arjuna at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was more than the 250 mg/kg body weight. The extract also causes a significant (P<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, reduced glutathione,...
Anti-oxidative Activity of Nepalese Traditional Anti-diabetic Medicines
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2014
Chronic overproduction of free radicals in human body has a role in numerous disease states including diabetes. Proper use of antioxidants may help in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes. For the management of diabetes, a combination of herbal drugs is being practiced traditionally in Nepal. These herbal medicines might have a good correlation to anti-oxidative properties. Anti-oxidative property was evaluated with the methanolic extracts of nineteen common traditional anti-diabetic medicines by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Among the evaluated herbal medicines, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula showed potent radical scavenging activity. The activities of P. emblica, T. bellirica and T. chebula were more potent than that of ascorbic acid. Some of the reported popular hypoglycemic herbal drugs did not show strong activity. Therefore strong anti-oxidative herbal drugs in combination with hypoglycemic drugs might have better results in the management of diabetes.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2013; Vol. 2(1): 199-208
In the present study, acetone and methanol extract of T. arjuna Roxb. bark was evaluated for its phytochemical properties and antioxidant status by FRAP method. The result indicated that tannin, alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phytosteroids and saponin are present in both the acetone and methanol extract. Total antioxidant status was found to be significantly (P˂0.01) higher in acetone extract (212.5±11.55 µM) as compared to methanol extract (35.50±4.70 µM). This indicates higher antioxidative property of T. arjuna bark acetone extract in comparison to methanol extract and selected for in vivo study. In vivo study, showed protective effect of acetone extract of T. arjuna bark towards blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin tolarence test in STZ treated rats. Feeding 500 mg/kg bw arjuna bark extract to rats showed significantly (P<0.05) lower parameters as compared to rats of diabetic control rats and 250 mg/kg bw arjuna bark fed rats and was non-significant with glimepiride fed rats. Feeding 500 mg/kg bw extract showed significantly (P<0.05) higher anti-hyperglycemic and anti-diabetic effects as compared to 250 mg/kg bw extract. It is concluded that the acetone extract of Terminalia arjuna bark exhibit antioxidant power and hypoglycemic properties.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 2014
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and if not properly controlled, culminates in increased oxidative stress and decrease in anti-oxidant levels. The leaves of Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Eucalyptus globulus and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica are used in the management of diabetes mellitus and thus, their anti-oxidative effects in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in Wister albino rats were investigated using standard methods. The administration of P. guajava, A. occidentale, E. globulus leaf and X. aethiopica fruit extracts caused significant (p<0.05) increases in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and vitamin C concentration. These increases in some test groups were not significantly (p>0.05) different from those of the glibenclamide groups, with others better increased than the glibenclamide groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in all the groups except the diabetic-untreated group that showed a marked increase attesting to the fact that peroxidative activity occurred after the induction of diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, the above plants demonstrated anti-oxidative effects and therefore, may be used in the amelioration of disorders associated with oxidative stress.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of medicinal plants: A short review
Diabetes mellitus being a chronic endocrine disorder has become a major health care problem since the last couple of decades because of the intensive lifestyle intervention. Antioxidants have become a crucial part of our lives for maintaining optimal cellular and systemic health and wellbeing. There is an increased interest in the food industry and preventive medicine in the development of natural antioxidants from plant material. This review deals with medicinal plants with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties used in the traditional Indian system of medicine; also a briefing of their in vitro models for evaluating antioxidant and antidiabetic activity has been con-ducted. At the same time, recent work done on the pharmacological aspects of these medicinally important plants has been iterated in this review.
The antioxidant activity of several antidiabetic herbal products
Pharmaciana
The oxidative stress mechanism in the body involves the balance between increased ROS and decreased antioxidant agents. ROS can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to pathology and impaired insulin secretion by dysregulation of several genes expression. High concentrations of ROS are often followed by a low activity of antioxidants from endogenous sources. As a result, exogenous antioxidants are required to neutralize ROS. As reported, medicinal plants, which have had various traditional applications, contain large amounts of secondary metabolites, proven to be exogenous antioxidant agents. Jamu, a traditional medicine, also known as an alternative medication, can be widely and easily found in traditional markets. Antidiabetic herbal products are among the most popular of jamu. Antidiabetic mechanism has a strong relationship with antioxidant roles in many biological systems. The aim of this research was to figure out the potential antioxidant activity of antidiabetic herbal products. Eight antidiabetic jamu samples were analyzed for their antioxidant activity by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity, phosphomolybdenum antioxidant activity, and FRAP, as well as for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Good linearity was a general finding for the quantitative analysis, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.999 for the standards. The highest total flavonoid content found was 8.66 ± 0.11 mgQE/g, and the highest total phenolic content was 22.66 ± 0.15 mgGAE/g. With regard to antioxidant activity, all of the samples demonstrated weak DPPH radical scavenging activity, while phosphomolybdenum antioxidant activity and FRAP were the highest at 48.58 ± 0.45 mgQE/g extract and 226.98 ± 0.19 mgQE/g extract, respectively. These results indicated that the claimed antidiabetic herbal products could be prepared as exogenous antioxidant sources, irrespective of being with or without antioxidant activity, for diabetes treatment.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Ten ethnomedicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan flora, traditionally used to treat blood sugar levels and other diabetes-related diseases, were examined in vitro for their antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activities by inhibiting rat alpha-glucosidase and several free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, and Nitric oxide respectively. Out of the ten plant species investigated for their antidiabetic activity against maltase and sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase, three exhibited the strongest αglucosidase inhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate, namely extracts of Garcinia nervosa, Syzygium caudatilimbum, and Shorea balangeran with IC50 values of 0.046; 0.037; 0.045 mg/mL. Meanwhile, quercetin as a positive control appeared to have a comparable IC50 value. Furthermore, among the ten extracts, Syzygium caudatilimbum, Shorea balangeran, and Ixora javanica showed good inhibition against sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, the antioxidant test showed that the ten methanol extracts of plants from East Kalimantan have an antioxidant activity indicated by IC50 values. The present study confirms that the ethnopharmacological use of selected plants from East Kalimantan might have potential as an antidiabetic and natural antioxidant.