The Reliability of Running Performance in a 5 km Time Trial on a Non-motorized Treadmill (original) (raw)
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The purpose of the present study was to determine the reliability of a 5km run test on a motorized treadmill. Over three consecutive weeks, 12 well-trained runners completed three 5km time trials on a treadmill following a standardized warm-up. Runners were partially-blinded to their running speed and distance covered. Total time to complete the run was recorded for 10 analysis of reliability. The highest intraclass correlation coefficient between trials for 5km time trial (TT) time was .99 (90% confidence intervals [CI]; .96–1.00, very high), which occurred between trials 2 and 3. The lowest typical error of measurement (expressed as a coefficient of variation percentage [CV%] and as an absolute value in seconds) also occurred between trials 2 and 3, and was 1.0% and 10.9 seconds, respectively. The testing protocol performed on a motorised treadmill in the current study is reproducible in well-trained runners following a single trial, making it a reliable method for monitoring running performance.
The validity of endurance running performance on the Curve 3(TM) non-motorised treadmill
Journal of sports sciences, 2014
This study aimed to test the validity of a non-motorised treadmill (NMT) for the measurement of self-paced overground endurance running performance. Ten male runners performed randomised 5-km running time trials on a NMT and an outdoor athletics track. A range of physiological and perceptual responses was measured, and foot strike was classified subjectively. Performance time was strongly correlated (r = 0.82, ICC = 0.86) between running modes, despite running time being significantly longer on the NMT (1264 ± 124 s vs. 1536 ± 130 s for overground and NMT, respectively; P < 0.001). End blood lactate concentration and rating of perceived exertion were significantly higher on the NMT compared to overground. Integrated electromyography was significantly lower on the NMT for three muscles (P < 0.05), and mean stride rate was also significantly lower on the NMT (P = 0.04). Cardiorespiratory responses of heart rate, oxygen uptake and expired air volume demonstrated strong correlatio...
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017
This study examined the reproducibility of performance across 3 non-motorized treadmill (NMT) 5-km time trials (TT) and physiological, gait, and perceptual differences of running at 5km pace for both NMT and motorized treadmills (MT). Ten male runners experienced in road racing that had never run on a NMT completed 3 TT to establish personal best 5-km pace. In a later session, participants ran at this pace for 5 min on the NMT while metabolic, gait, and perceptual measures were recorded and then ran at outdoor 5-km personal best pace on a MT at 1% grade (counter-balanced crossover design). Intraclass correlation (ICC = 0.95) between the TT1 and TT2 was strong, but improved between TT2 and TT3 (ICC = 0.99) with considerable reduction in variability. NMT resulted in a 24% slower pace (10.6±1.5 vs 13.9±2.6 km/h; p < 0.001), shorter stride length (1.02±0.10 vs 1.27±0.18 m; p < 0.001), and decreased cadence (175±12 vs 181±13 steps/min; p = 0.01). However, VȮ 2 , RER, lactate concentration, and heart rate did not differ between modalities (NMT = 3.4±0.4 L/min, 0.96±0.04, 6.9±3.7 mmol, 172±10 bpm; MT = 3.4±0.5 L/min, 0.96±0.04, 5.7±3.4 mmol, 170±10 bpm). RPE for legs, breathing, and overall did not differ between treadmill types. A familiarization session should be included for TT using NMT. Other than gait and pace characteristics similar responses were elicited by both treadmills when running at 5-km pace. However, with these considerations NMT TT of 4km might be more appropriate in matching MT 5-km TT duration without altering physiological responses significantly.
Journal of Human Kinetics
This study examined the intra-session reliability of sprint performance on a non-motorized treadmill amongst healthy, active male and female adults. One hundred and twenty participants (males n = 77; females n = 45) completed two familiarization sessions, followed by a third session that consisted of three trials (T1, T2, T3) of maximal sprints (4-s), interspersed by three minutes of recovery. Combining males and females exhibited moderate-to-excellent test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC), minimal measurement error (coefficient of variation, CV) and trivial differences between trials (effect size, ES) for speed, power, total work and acceleration (ICC = 0.82–0.98, CV = 1.31–8.45%, ES = 0.01–0.22). The measurement error was improved between comparisons of T1 vs. T2 (CV = 1.62–8.45%, ES = 0.12–0.22) to T2 vs. T3 (CV = 1.31–6.56%, ES = 0.01–0.07) and better for females (CV = 1.26–7.94%, ES = 0.001–0.26) than males (CV = 1.33–8.53%, ES = 0.06–0.31). The cur...
Reliability of 5-km Running Performance in a Competitive Environment
Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 2016
The aim of this study was to examine the reliability of a 5 km time-trial during a competitive outdoor running event. Fifteen endurance runners (age = 29.5 ± 4.3 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.08 m, body mass = 71.0 ± 7.1 kg, 5 km lifetime personal best = 19:13 ± 1:13 minutes) completed two competitive, 5 km time-trials over two weeks. No systematic differences in run time between Trial 1 and Trial 2 were reported (Trial 1; 1217 ± 85 s, 95% CI [1170, 1264] and Trial 2; 1216 ± 79 s, [1172 to 1260], p =.855). Absolute reliability, expressed as the typical error (TE; 14.7s, 95% CI = 11.3 to 21.4 s) and coefficient of variation (CV; 0.95 ± 0.65%, [0.59 to 1.31]) confirms the reliability of 5 km running performance in a competitive time trial.
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2013
This study assessed the between-test reliability of oxygen cost (O C ) and energy cost (E C ) in distance runners, and contrasted it with the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) of these measures. O C and E C displayed similar levels of within-subject variation (typical error < 3.85%). However, the typical error (2.75% vs 2.74%) was greater than the SWC (1.38% vs 1.71%) for both O C and E C , respectively, indicating insufficient sensitivity to confidently detect small, but meaningful, changes in O C and E C .
Journal of sports science & medicine, 2015
This study assessed the reliability of a 'self-paced' 30-min, team-sport running protocol on a Woodway Curve 3.0 non-motorised treadmill (NMT). Ten male team-sport athletes (20.3 ± 1.2 y, 74.4 ± 9.7 kg, VO2peak 57.1 ± 4.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) attended five sessions (VO2peak testing + familiarisation; four reliability trials). The 30-min protocol consisted of three identical 10-min activity blocks, with visual and audible commands directing locomotor activity; however, actual speeds were self-selected by participants. Reliability of variables was estimated using typical error ± 90% confidence limits expressed as a percentage [coefficient of variation (CV)] and intraclass correlation coefficient. The smallest worthwhile change (SWC) was calculated as 0.2 × between participant standard deviation. Peak/mean speed and distance variables assessed across the 30-min protocol exhibited a CV < 5%, and < 6% for each 10-min activity block. All power variables exhibited a CV < 7.5...
The aim of this study was to compare the physiological responses during 15 min of intermittent running consisting of 30 s high intensity running exercise at maximal aerobic velocity (MAV) interspersed with 30 s passive recovery (30-30) performed outdoor versus on a motorized treadmill. Fifteen collegiate physically active males (age: 22±1 years-old; body mass: 66±7 kg; stature: 176±06 cm, weekly training volume: 5±2 h·week -1 ), performed Fitness Intermittent test 45-15 in order to determine ! " O 2max and Maximal Aerobic Velocity (MAV) and then completed in random order three different training sessions consisting of 30s run -30s rest outdoor on athletic track (30-30 Track) at MAV; 30s run -30s rest on treadmill (30-30 Treadmill) at MAV; 30s run -30s rest at MAV+15% (30-30+15% MAV Treadmill).
Validity and Reliability during Fast Outdoor Running
2019
Accuracy of the Cosmed K5 portable calorimeter Crouter SE, LaMunion SR, Hibbing PR, Kaplan AS, Bassett, Jr DR PLoS One, December 2019, 16;14(12) PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Cosmed K5 portable metabolic system dynamic mixing chamber (MC) and breath-by-breath (BxB) modes against the criterion Douglas bag (DB) method. METHODS: Fifteen participants (mean age±SD, 30.6±7.4 yrs) had their metabolic variables measured at rest and during cycling at 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250W. During each stage, participants were connected to the first respiratory gas collection method (randomized) for the first four minutes to reach steady state, followed by 3-min (or 5-min for DB) collection periods for the resting condition, and 2-min collection periods for all cycling intensities. Collection periods for the second and third methods were preceded by a washout of 1-3 min. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare metabolic variables measured by each method, for ...
Reliability of Time-to-Exhaustion versus Time-Trial Running Tests in Runners
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2007
Both time-to-exhaustion (TTE) and time-trial (TT) exercise tests are commonly used to assess exercise performance, but no study has directly examined the reliability of comparable tests in the same subjects. Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of comparable TTE and TT treadmill running tests of high and moderately high exercise intensity in endurance-trained male distance runners, and to validate Hinckson and Hopkins TT prediction methods using log-log modeling from TTE results. Methods: After familiarization tests, eight endurance-trained male distance runners performed, in a randomized, counterbalanced order, eight trials consisting of two 5-km TT and two 1500-m TT, and four TTE tests run at a speed equivalent to the average speed attained during both the 5-km and 1500-m TT distances. Results: Typical error of the estimate (TEE) expressed as a coefficient of variation for the 5-km TT, 5-km TTE, 1500-m TT, and 1500-m TTE were 2.0, 15.1, 3.3, and 13.2%, respectively. The standard error of the estimate for predicted TT running speed using log-log modeling from TTE results was 0.67%, and the predicted versus criterion reliability of this method revealed TEE values of 1.6% and 2.5% for the prediction of 5-km and 1500-m TT, respectively. Conclusion: The variability of 5-km and 1500-m TT tests was significantly less than for similar TTE treadmill protocols. Despite the greater variability of the TTE tests, log-log modeling using the TTE test results reliably predicted actual TT performance.