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Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu, 2023
Coopey, E.S. (2023). Inscribed funerary monuments of Legio VII and the emergence of military communities in 1st century AD Dalmatia. Prilozi Instituta za arheologiju u Zagrebu, 40 (2), 89-128. https://doi.org/10.33254/piaz.40.2.3\. The Imperial Roman military consisted of a vast collection of armies and overlapping sub-communities, causing it to be a multi-layered entity. Scholars have explored its social dynamics since the 1980s, with epigraphic material – particularly of a funerary nature – providing valuable insight. The provinces of southeastern Europe, such as Dalmatia, are home to a great deal of well-catalogued archaeological and epigraphical material which could contribute to these studies, however, they are often left unconsidered in scholarship from outside the region. This paper conducts an epigraphical and archaeological analysis of the Romano-Dalmatian inscribed funerary monuments of the Seventh legion (Legio VII Claudia pia fidelis) to study the construction of identity and community. It is demonstrated that Legio VII was home to a complex network of servicemen intersected by various social, familial, legal, and military roles, relations, and symbols, which was rejuvenated and negotiated through the textual, sculptural, and spatial dimensions of funerary monuments. Moreover, these very funerary monuments were a significant part of this network, acting as media of identity and community (re)construction and (re)negotiation. Not only does this shed light on the social dynamics of Roman military communities, but it also reinforces the image which has emerged in recent scholarship of funerary monuments as socially constructive media. Finally, this paper demonstrates the value of theoretically engaged analyses of material from, and scholarship concerning, Romano-Dalmatia.
THE MISSIONS OF THE SOLDIERS IN THE LIMES PROVINCES. FRUMENTARII IN DACIA
Pontic sigillata discovered in the dacian settlement of Poiana, Nicoreşti commune, Galaţi county 17-46 Sigillatele pontice descoperite în aşezarea geto-dacică de la Poiana, comuna Nicoreşti, jud. Galaţi Sorin CLEŞIU Imports and roman imitations from the main dava type settlements on Siret River: Barboşi, Poiana, Brad, Răcătău 47-84 Importuri şi imitaţii de factură romană în principalele aşezări de tip dava de pe Siret: Barboşi, Poiana, Brad, Răcătău Vitalie BÂRCĂ Câteva consideraţii privind vasele metalice de import din mediul sarmatic nord-pontic 85-124 A few remarks on the import metal ware within the north-pontic sarmatian environment Horea POP, Cristinel PLANTOS Un import roman din zona Şimleu Silvaniei (jud. Sălaj) 125-128 An imported roman artifact at Şimleu Silvaniei (Sălaj county)
The archaeological site of Dunaszentgyörgy-Középső-dűlő, Site M6-RM 11 (County Tolna), was discovered on the sett lement’s outskirts during work on the planned track of Motorway M6. The remains of sett lements from various periods were uncovered during the excavations: sett lement features from the La Tène B2–C1 period and an early Roman sett lement whose occupation continued into the middle Roman period as well as the features of a sixteenth–seventeenth-century sett lement. Most of the rural sett lements in the immediate hinterland of the limes investigated in County Tolna in the wake of the extensive development-led excavations had no immediate late Celtic antecedents or were established following the construction of the military defence line. The growth in the number of sett lements in the area of the limes can no doubt be traced to economic factors: in addition to catering to the needs of their own population, these sett lements also played a major role in the provisioning of the army. The economic integration of the newly-conquered territories was an important pillar of Romanisation, to which the discharged veterans with their good fi nancial potential had much to contribute. The early Roman militaria articles brought to light on rural sett lements provide evidence for the sett lement of veterans.
LIVING WITH THE ARMY I. Civil Settlements near Roman Legionary Fortresses in Lower Moesia
This monograph presents the civil settlements at four legionary camps located in the Roman province of Lower Moesia: Novae, Oescus, Durostorum and Troesmis. Based on archaeological and epigraphic evidence, the book presents in detail the remains and proof of extramural settlement at Novae as a case study, as compared to three other Lower Moesian sites. In each case, the topography, the current state of research, the unearthed remains in the vicinity of these fortresses, as well as various written evidence on the subject are presented and critically evaluated. This book is a first attempt at the evaluation of the extramural settlement in the area of the Lower Danubian provinces. A number of issues related to these settlements are discussed against the backdrop of the problems of extramural settlements near Roman military bases in general. The publication includes 60 figures, maps and plans, 4 charts and 17 tables.
2014
"The former Roman province of Raetia is situated on the territory of present-day Bavaria. Due to its key location directly north of Italy, Raetia held an unparalelled military significance as well as a unique social structure. In the last century, researchers have uncovered approximately fifty Roman forts via excavations. The rapid technological advancement of the last two decades resulted in an enrichment of methods in archaeology as well as in other scientific fields. Regular aerial surveys, geophysical prospection and LIDAR scanning enabled the discovery and indentification of a further thirty forts and Roman military installations. Furthermore, these new methods allowed to observe more precisely the mostly unknown inner layout, ground-plan and periodization of the already-known forts’ buildings. Dendrochronological analyses supplied data to the dating of the fort’s defenses and structures, which, in numerous cases, led to a drastical redefinition of previous chronology, which was mainly dependant on the typology of finds. The constructional/reconstructional phases of several forts was modified by decades, thus resulting in the establishment of a completely new chronological system regarding the history of Raetia. J. E. Faßbinder, C. S. Sommer and W. Czysz are the main advocates of these new methods. The spread of non-destructive archaeological methods did not effect a decrease in traditional excavations and fieldwork. Thus the number of known epigraphical sources from Raetia increases even nowdays. The discovery of new inscriptions displaying the names of units as well as Raetian discharge documents continue to further enrich and tinge our knowledge on provincial military history. The dislocation of Roman auxiliary troops in Raetia was first summarized by H.-J. Kellner in a short article of five pages in 1971. The system he established continues to be in use, despite the various changes in the operating of the forts brought about by the above-mentioned new methods. Publishers of Raetian military diplomas discovered during the last two decades, continue to use H.-J. Kellner’s system, neglecting the modified layout and dating of the forts, pressing new data into a system, that is no longer consistent. Due to this significant bias between the system of forts and the system of units – the two of which should not and cannot be separated – it has become inevitable to draw up a new dislocation regarding Raetia, that considers the results of both research branches, i.e. that of the forts and that of the units. The summary of forts and units on a provincial level allows to further specify historical details and furthermore, enables us to better understand the events that occurred and the relations that were present between Rome and its territories as well as those outside its borders. I have started this task as an MSc thesis with the guidance of Zs. Visy and C. S. Sommer and plan to publish the results as an English monography. The legio III Italica Concors was raised and transferred to Raetia as a direct result of the so-called Marcomannic wars during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180). After a decade-long campaign, the legion constructed its fort at Castra Regina, on the territory of present-day Regensburg in AD 179. This was the first time in history that Raetia housed a legion as permanent garrison. This had several implications, and brought about various changes in provincial life. In contrast to those of the auxiliary forces, the legionary soldiers were exclusively Roman citizens, thus their presence offset both the social and economical scales of previous era. As attested by epigraphical evidence, after their discharge, several former soldiers and officers remained in Raetia. They held civil offices, established villas, constructed various public buildings, built shrines. With themselves, they brought both the need for new facilities, wares and religious trends as well as the financial sources to accomplish these needs. In my paper I offer an analysis of epigraphical and archaeological material in order to demonstrate the role, that thes legionaries held in the provincial life of Raetia as well as the effect they exerted on it."
LIFE ON THE FRONTIER: ROMAN MILITARY FAMILIES IN LOWER MOESIA
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, 2017
The epigraphic evidence from four Lower Moesian legionary bases provides information about military-civilian society living along the Lower Danubian frontier zone. The inscriptions on stone originating from these four sites informs not only about the names, age or status of the people living in the border zone, but may be helpful in recreating the emergence of Roman provincial society in the military garrisons. The epigraphic evidence collected from Oescus, Novae, Durostorum, and Troesmis includes only the inscriptions related to the people who were not active soldiers and officers serving in the legions. The aim of the paper is to find out whether the epigraphic evidence may bring any additional information concerning the civilian and military families, ethnic and social composition of the inhabitants living near legionary bases, conditions of life, and the nature of the settlement.