Endovascular model of abdominal aortic aneurysm induction in swine (original) (raw)
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Experimental methods of abdominal aortic aneurysm creation in swine as a large animal model
Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 2013
Animal models of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) enable preclinical studies on new therapeutic approaches and help to understand pathophysiology of the disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of selected methods of experimental induction of abdominal aortic aneurysm in swine and to adapt the EMG examination (electromyography) to record the vessel wall changes. The animals were divided into 3 groups comprising 4 individuals in whom AAA was surgically induced. In the first group the AAA was induced by mechanical stretching of the aortic wall and injection of 500 IU elastase under pressure. The second group received elastase and 6000 IU of collagenase. In the third group 0.5 M CaCl2 solution was introduced additionally. Enlargement of abdominal aorta was monitored for 4 weeks. The first group did not show any aorta dilatation. In the second group the aortic lumen was dilated on average by 71±3.5% (P≤0.001) as shown at autopsy and by 76.6±9.3% as measured by...
Comparative Study of Two Surgically Created Swine Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
The Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2008
Our aim was to compare two surgically created AAA models, to determine which one of them could be more useful in the development and training in endovascular techniques. Ten pigs underwent the creation of infrarrenal AAAs with autologous peritoneal (Group A (n=5)) or gastric serosa (Group B (n=5)) patches. Serial angiograms and ultrasonograms were obtained to measure aneurismal diameters over time. On day 90, animals were euthanized for pathological evaluation. The surgical procedure took significantly (p=0.022) longer to complete in group B. Survival times were longer in group A. Both models exhibited an increase in diameter during the first third of the follow-up period (up to a 243% of the original diameter in group A and a 216% in group B) that subsequently stabilized. The peritoneum model is technically easier to create, and it exhibits higher postoperative dilatation, so it could be more useful in the short term development, training and evaluation of new endoprostheses.
Animal Models in the Research of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Development
Physiological Research
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent and potentially life threatening disease. Many animal models have been developed to simulate the natural history of the disease or test preclinical endovascular devices and surgical procedures. The aim of this review is to describe different methods of AAA induction in animal models and report on the effectiveness of the methods described in inducing an analogue of a human AAA. The PubMed database was searched for publications with titles containing the following terms “animal” or ‘‘animal model(s)’’ and keywords “research”, “aneurysm(s)’’, “aorta”, “pancreatic elastase’’, “Angiotensin”, “AngII” “calcium chloride” or “CaCl2”. Starting date for this search was set to 2004, since previously bibliography was already covered by the review of Daugherty and Cassis (2004). We focused on animal studies that reported a model of aneurysm development and progression. A number of different approaches of AAA induction in animal models has been devel...
Experimental Models in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - From Basic Research to Clinical Practice [Working Title]
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal disease and survival rate is very low when rupture occurs. Experimental models related with abdominal aortic aneurysm are performed on intact and ruptured aneurysm (RAAA) models. By using AAA models; complex mechanisms of aneurysm formation, aneurysm progression, chance of rupture, preventative and treating methods are researched. Most commonly used methods for creating aneurysm are utilization of transgenic or knockout animals; intra/extraluminal pharmacologic treatments such as elastase, calcium chloride or angiotensin II; hyperlipidemic diet application and surgical interventions such as xenograft, stenosis or graft. Pathogenesis of aneurysm is predominantly examined on rodents whereas studies aimed at development of treatment modalities such as surgical or endovascular interventions are predominantly performed on large animals like rabbit, porcine or dog. Experimental studies modeling aneurysm rupture (RAAA) simulate shock (total hypoperfusion) occurred due to rupture and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurred due to surgical treatment; without creating aneurysm. In this model, end organ or distal organ injuries and methods for reducing these injuries or their hemodynamic effects are investigated by creating shock +I/R.
Induction of continuous expanding infrarenal aortic aneurysms in a large porcine animal model
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2015
A large animal model with a continuous expanding infrarenal aortic aneurysm gives access to a more realistic AAA model with anatomy and physiology similar to humans, and thus allows for new experimental research in the natural history and treatment options of the disease. 10 pigs (group A) underwent infrarenal aortic dissection, balloon dilatation, infusion of elastase into the lumen and placement of a stenosing cuff around the aorta. 10 control pigs (group B) underwent a sham procedure. The subsequent 28 days the AP-diameters of the aneurysms were measured using ultrasound, hereafter the pigs were euthanized for inspection and AAA wall sampling for histological analysis. In group A, all pigs developed continuous expanding AAA's with a mean increase in AP-diameter to 16.26 ± 0.93 mm equivalent to a 57% increase. In group B the AP-diameters increased to 11.33 ± 0.13 mm equivalent to 9.3% which was significantly less than in group A (p < 0.001). In group A, a significant negati...
European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 2006
Objectives. To assess the effect of a new polymer in embolization of endoleaks using an animal model. Methods. A modified aortic stent-graft was placed in 20 pigs. Embolization was performed at the time of graft insertion with non-cytotoxic n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-metacryloxysulpholane and lipiodol (0.2:0.8ratio, 2 ml). Angiography, scanning electron microscopy and immuno-histochemistry were obtained at day 0, 1 week and 3 months. Results. In control animals both type I and II endoleaks were demonstrated. In treated animals, neither type-I nor type-II endoleaks were observed and a fibro-proliferative response was demonstrated within the aneurysm thrombus. Conclusions. Host vascular responses govern the fate of the excluded aneurysm. Embolization of the sac and feeding arteries with non-cytotoxic glue sealed all occlusions by stimulating a massive restenosis-like process.
Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2019
Existing animal models do not replicate all aspects of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), including the rupture mechanisms. From histopathological analyses conducted in humans, it has been found that the vasa vasorum of the AAA wall is the starting point of circulatory failure and that bulging and dilatation of the abdominal aorta occurs through inflammation and tissue degeneration. We created a new animal model (the hypoperfusion-induced model) of AAAs. In this study, we describe the current animal models of AAAs and present the utility of our new model of AAAs.
Lessons from Animal Models of Arterial Aneurysm
AORTA, 2013
We review the results from the most common animal models of arterial aneurysm, including recent findings from our novel, laparoscopy-based pig model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, that contribute important insights into early pathogenesis. We emphasize the relevance of these findings for evaluation of treatment protocols and novel device prototypes for mechanism-based prevention of progression and rupture.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm model in swine with bovine pericardium patch
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 2021
Background Aneurysm repair using endovascular techniques has grown in importance as materials have improved. Studies of endovascular prostheses require experimental models that reproduce anatomic and pathophysiological characteristics of human aneurysms. Objectives To describe a porcine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods This prospective cohort study used eleven Large White female pigs with a mean age of 12 weeks in two study phases. In phase I, the aneurysm was produced with a bovine pericardium patch by retroperitoneal surgery conducted under general anesthesia. In phase II, 15 days later, the animals underwent arteriography and were then euthanized before specimens were removed for histological analysis. Results Formation of parietal thrombus was observed in all animals. Microscopic analysis showed calcifications around thrombus in 82% of the animals. There was lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the graft and adjacent area, with fibrosis in nine animals. Three pigs had su...