The Effect of Bio-Fertilizers and Amino Acids on Tomato Production and water productivity under Net-House Conditions (original) (raw)
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Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2009
Effects of four irrigation water salinities; ECiw (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 dS/m) and four potassium fertilizer levels; K + (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg K2O/fed) on yield and some quality parameters and water consumptive use; WCU of tomato grown under Siwa Oasis conditions were investigated. The splitplots design was carried out during the two successive growing seasons of 2003/04 and 2004/05. Yield, some quality parameters, water consumptive use and soil salinity data were inspected and subjected to proper statistical analysis and Maas and Hoffman threshold model. Water use efficiencies were also quantified. Results indicated that, the maximum total and marketable yield of 17.5 and 14.76 Mg/fed, respectively was associated with the control treatment (ECiw= 1.25 dS/m). Increasing the ECiw, resulted in reducing the fruit number per plant, smaller fruit size and weight and consequently decreasing the total and marketable yield, increasing the fruits affected with blossom end rot (BER), higher total soluble solid content and decreasing the pH of the fruit juice were recorded. Increasing the ECiw led to decreasing both of water consumptive use and water use efficiencies. While, under moderate ECiw and high level of K + enhanced the plant growth parameters, total and marketable yield and water consumptive use and reduced the fruits affected with BER. However, the effect of the ECiw on the tested parameters was more pronounced than the effect of the K +. The decrease of the total and marketable yield was performed to linear slope of 11.14 and 14.69 % per dS/m after the recorded threshold (ECt) value of 2.97 and 3.31 dS/m, respectively. The decrease of tomato fruit yield with salinity was mostly owing to a linear decrease of the fruit weight of 9.8% per dS/m. Reduction of the fruit number with salinity of 5.5% per dS/m made small contribution to reduced yield.
Acta horticulturae, 2019
This study investigated effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on processing tomato 'Uno Rosso' F1, grown under three different water supplies. Field effectiveness of both pre-transplant inoculation and post-transplant reinoculation of rhizobacteria on total biomass, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), SPAD, canopy temperature, proline, and main antioxidants were examined. The open field experiment was conducted on the experimental farm of the Institute of Horticulture at Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary, in 2015. The propagation was carried out in a greenhouse by using Klasmann TS3 substrate and inoculated with liquid PGPR solution Phylazonit (Phyl+) or not (control). After planting out half of the inoculated seedlings were inoculated again by adding 1% of the solution by the drip irrigation system (Phyl++). There were two different irrigation treatments: deficit water supply (W50), and optimum water supply (W100), compared with rainfed control (W0). Drip irrigated water was given out according to the calculated daily evapotranspiration based on data from the National Meteorological Institute. A single harvest was conducted on August 25, total biomass and marketable yield were assessed. The analytics of ingredients was made using HPLC by evaluation of total carotenoids, lycopene, β-carotene and ascorbic acid. The marketable yield ranged between 14.7 and 93.8 t ha-1 , depending on the treatment. The average °Brix of the treatments ranged from 3.5 to 8.2. The total average carotenoids concentration of the treatments ranged from 62.0 and 167.2 µg g-1. The average lycopene concentration of the treatments ranged from 45.4 to 130.9 µg g-1. The effect of PGPR treatment was clearly positive for harvested yield, but this effect only prevailed under irrigated conditions. The double PGPR treatment continued to increase production with optimal water supply.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2014
The experiment was conducted by combining two factors namely; irrigation scheduling with three levels and nutrient management with five levels. The two factors were crossed factorially; irrigation treatments were arranged in vertical strips and integrated nutrient management arranged in horizontal-strip with strip plot design replicated three times. Field soil was sampled for physical and chemical property determinations. Equal amount of irrigation water were applied before the initiation of irrigation treatments. Once the drip system was installed, irrigation was done on the basis of daily evapotranspiration (ETo) value of the previous day. Growth and canopy characteristics such as plant height, stem diameter, lateral branch length, canopy width and canopy depth were measured and canopy cover was estimated. Additionally yield and yield components at harvest were measured from sample fruits. Physiological data such as chlorophyll content, quantum yield, and Ft were assessed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance as per the design using the SAS Software. Among irrigation levels tested, highest total yield 82.14 t ha -1 , was recorded from full irrigation treatment followed by 57.30 t ha -1 from 80% ETc irrigation levels and lowest total yield 49.30 t ha -1 from 60% of full irrigation depth. This finding indicated that tomato should be irrigated at full water requirement to get maximum fruit yield. From this investigation, the total fruit yield was recorded from N 185 kg ha -1 P 60 kg ha -1 combination and N 75 kg ha -1 P 50 kg ha -1 treatment combination with 67.483 and 67.31 t ha -1 respectively. Application of N 185 kg ha -1 P 60 kg ha -1 combination (grower's check) did not contribute to much yield difference but would encourage luxury consumption and environmental pollution. Thus combinations of full irrigation treatment with N 75 kg ha -1 P 50 kg ha -1 nutrient application would be recommended for verification for tomato production around Melkassa.
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2015
To study the effect of different levels of irrigation and nutrient management practices on yield and water use efficiency of tomato (cv. Utkal Kumari) a field experiment, with three irrigation schedules and four nutrient management practices, was conducted in the Regional Research Technology and Transfer Station (RRTTS),Chiplima, Sambalpur for three years. Three years pooled mean of tomato fruit yield indicated that highest fruit yield of 18.48 t ha-1 was observed with IW:CPE of 1.2 irrespective of different nutrient management practices. Highest pooled mean fruit yield of 19.07 t ha-1 was recorded with application of 25% organic+75% inorganic which was significantly superior to 50% organic+50% inorganic (18.26 t ha-1), 100% organic (16.01 t ha-1) and 100% inorganic (17.21 t ha-1) irrespective of different irrigation levels. Highest mean water use efficiencies of 533.45 kg ha-1 cm-1 and 469.47 kg ha-1 cm-1 were observed with IW:CPE of 0.8 and application of 25% organic+75% inorganic fertilizer respectively. Among the irrigation treatments highest net return (` 56,136/-) and benefit-cost ratio (2.03) were observed with 1.2 IW:CPE, whereas the highest net return (` 61,560/-) and benefit-cost ratio (2.16) were observed with 25% organic+75% inorganic fertilzer. Thus, integrated use of 25% organic along with 75% inorganic fertilizer as per recommended dose of nutrient with an irrigation scheduling at 1.2 IW:CPE produced highest fruit yield of tomato as compared to other treatments. The fruit yield per hectare was significantly correlated to all other yield attributing parameters except days to first harvest.
Influence of salinity and water regime on tomato for processing
Italian Journal of Agronomy, 2012
The effects of salinity and watering regime on tomato crop are reported. The trials have been carried out over two years in southern Italy on a deep loam soil. Three saline levels of irrigation water (with electrical conductivity of 0.5, 5 and 10 dS m-1), three watering regimes (at 20%, 40% and 60% of available water depletion), and two cultivars (HLY19 and Perfectpeel) were compared. The overall results related to the salinity tolerance are in agreement with those from the literature indicating that water salinity reduced marketable yield by 55% in respect to the control treatments. The irrigation regimes that provided higher total and marketable yield were at 40% and 60% of available water depletion (on average, 90.5 and 58.1 Mg ha-1 against 85.3 and 55.5 Mg ha-1 of the 20% available water depletion). Saline and irrigation treatments did not affect sunburned fruits, while affected incidence of fruits with blossom-end rot. The former disease appeared more dramatically in saline treatments (+28% in respect to the control), and occurred mainly in HLY19. The disease incidence was by 52% lower in W2 respect to the W1 and W3. Fruit firmness was higher in S0, whereas it was not affected by irrigation regimes. Total soluble solids and dry matter content of tomato fruits were increased by salinity, whereas it was not affected by irrigation regimes and cultivars. The pH and the titratable acidity remained unchanged between the years, the cultivar and the saline and irrigation treatments. Similarly to the last parameters, the fruit ascorbic acid content remained unchanged in relation to the treatments, but it was higher in HLY19. The recommended thresholds of easily available water to preserve total and marketable yield were at 40% and 60%, respectively. Watering more frequently, instead, on the soil type of the trial, probably caused water-logging and root hypoxia affecting negatively yield.
Growing tomatoes under saline field conditions and the role of fertilizers
A Monograph on …, 2010
Growing tomatoes using saline water and in conditions where soil has low nitrogen and other essential nutrient contents is of great challenge. This is an important topic and critical for environmentally sound, sustainable agricultural production. The objectives of this work were: (1) to examine the yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) grown under three levels of saline water; and (2) to study the effect of different types of fertilizers on the yield and fruit quality of tomatoes grown under saline conditions. A two-factor completely randomized design experimental plot was set up at the Agricultural Research Station, Rumais, Oman. Tomatoes were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with three levels of saline water (EC w = 3, 6 and 9 dS m -1 ). Three types of fertilizers were applied including: inorganic NPK, organic (cow manure), and a mixed fertilizer of both. Tomato plants were grown during the months from November to April and for two consecutive seasons. Total fruit number and weight of harvested tomatoes were determined. Fruit quality attributes including total soluble solids (TSS), EC, pH, and biomass were also measured. Results indicated that growing tomatoes under 3 and 6 dS m -1 irrigation water produced the highest yield whereas irrigating with 9 dS m -1 significantly reduced the final fruit number and fruit weight. Tomatoes grown using cow manure produced the least amount of yield compared to those with inorganic and mixed fertilizers. Measured fruit quality attributes were not significantly affected by salinity or fertilizer treatments. Our data on fruit quality and yield suggest that the best growing conditions for tomatoes were in plots irrigated with 6 dS m -1 water and added with mixed fertilizer.
Fertigation of Tomato Crops Using Poor Quality Water
VIII International Symposium on Protected Cultivation in Mild Winter Climates: Advances in Soil and Soilless Cultivation under Protected Environment, 2007
The efficient use of water and fertiliser is of great importance for vegetable crops in arid and semiarid regions. The fertigation solutions developed in temperate areas are not adapted to these conditions, and any modification in composition or concentration affects both water (WUE) and fertiliser (NUE) use efficiencies. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the response of tomato crops in order to optimise the use of water and nutrient input when poor quality water is used in the semi-arid region of southeast Spain. In this experiment, four fertigation strategies were used on a tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. 'Salvador', using water of poor agronomic quality. The experiment was carried out from December 2001 to June 2002 in a cool greenhouse, located in Águilas Murcia. The substrate used was perlite (0-6 mm) contained in crops channels 20 L plant-1. Water and fertiliser applications were modified for each different strategy in order to contrast the yield obtained with the input applied. Results show that, from an economic and ecological point of view, the best fertigation strategy consists of reducing fertiliser concentration in nutrient solution by 50%. On the other hand, a reduction of drainage of fertigation volumes applied to less than 20%, can be a good strategy in cool Mediterranean seasons. The different strategies can modify Water and Nutrient efficiencies.
The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry", 2021
An experiment was conducted during 2020 on tomato variety Big Beef F1, planted in Haplic chromic luvi soil under drip irrigation with mulching and fertigation in an unheated greenhouse. The aim was to determine how the yield and quality of tomato were affected under full (100% ET c) and deficit irrigation (60% ET c) in interaction with four fertilizer rates (120% RDF, 100% RDF, 80% RDF, 0%). The total yield of tomato plants under full irrigation was 25.7% higher than the yield of the tomato plants under deficit irrigation. Full irrigation, in interaction with the fertilization rates 120 % and 100% RDF of NPK, maintained 30% higher yield of tomato than the yield of plants under reduced water supply with the same fertilization rates. The following parameters: total soluble solids, pH, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid content and titratable acidity were examined to assess the quality of tomato fruits. Except pH, all of the quality parameters of the tomato plants, subjected to moderate stress, due to a reduction in the irrigation rate, showed higher values than those of fully irrigated plants. The pH trend was reversed and the parameter had higher values at full irrigation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze the effect of irrigation and fertilization with different rates. The effect of fertilization on the yield and quality of tomato was less pronounced compared to the effect of irrigation.