Fire dynamics - comparative analysis of cfd simulation tools and their utilization (original) (raw)
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'Verification and validation' in modeling fire by computational fluid dynamics
International Journal on Architectural Science, 2004
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an important tool in fire safety engineering. CFD is applied in many projects while the global trend is moving towards the implementation of engineering performance-based fire codes. However, questions are always raised on the model credibility. Verification and validation of the CFD predicted results in fire engineering are not yet carried out with systematical full-scale burning tests. Development of verification and validation of CFD predicted results in fire engineering will be reviewed in this paper. Sources of error commonly encountered in modeling fire will be outlined. Three international standards on the assessment of predictive capability of fire models are reviewed and compared. Based on the study, eight methods for verifying and validating CFD predicted results are suggested on:
Further Validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator using Smoke Management Studies
2007
Further validation of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by NIST (USA) is performed using four smoke filling scenarios reported in the literature. Careful comparison is made to experimental data available for those scenarios. Performance of the code was found to vary considerably with complexity of scenario (e.g. geometry). While giving very reasonable results for a number of cases, average deviation from experimental values in smokefilling rates and temperature predictions were above limits claimed by developers. The study emphasizes need for further development and extensive validation of CFD codes used by fire engineering practitioners.
Fire dynamics simulator (version 3)
2001
makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of FDS assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools. Users are warned that FDS is intended for use only by those competent in the fields of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, combustion, and heat transfer, and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of the qualified user. The software package is a computer model that may or may not have predictive capability when applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by an informed user. Throughout this document, the mention of computer hardware or commercial software does not constitute endorsement by NIST, nor does it indicate that the products are necessarily those best suited for the intended purpose.
Parametric analysis of input data on the CFD fire simulation
Journal of physics, 2019
During the last decades the CFD computer modelling of fire has increased significantly. The CFD fire simulator has been purposely developed and optimized for fire protection; nowadays they have a high reliability and ample perspectives of further development. The main drawbacks of CFD fire simulators are mainly due to the complexity of its setting. They are not user friendly and require a good competence on fires and fair competence in computing. To be able to estimate how the simulation outcome is influenced by model assumptions and simplifications, the user has to evaluate the dominating physical processes and involved empirical parameter that has an essential influence on the specific fire scenario. In this paper the Thermo-gravimetric (TGA) and Cone-calorimetric tests will be used to show in which ranges the input parameters such as reference temperature (i.e. the temperature of the released mass rate peak), thermal conductivity, pyrolysis range, specific heat, in a fire simulation with the "Fire Dynamics Simulator", will vary based on the measurement errors, measurement uncertainty, or misinterpretation of the user. Fire simulation validated on experimental tests are used to evaluate the impact of those variant input data on the simulation. A parametric analysis has been carried out and the results are evaluated and discussed.
Fire dynamics simulator (version 2)
2002
makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of FDS assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools. Users are warned that FDS is intended for use only by those competent in the fields of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, combustion, and heat transfer, and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of the qualified user. The software package is a computer model that may or may not have predictive capability when applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by an informed user. Throughout this document, the mention of computer hardware or commercial software does not constitute endorsement by NIST, nor does it indicate that the products are necessarily those best suited for the intended purpose. i 7.11 The Pressure Equation .
2000
The US Department of Commerce makes no warranty, expressed or implied, to users of the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), and accepts no responsibility for its use. Users of FDS assume sole responsibility under Federal law for determining the appropriateness of its use in any particular application; for any conclusions drawn from the results of its use; and for any actions taken or not taken as a result of analyses performed using these tools. Users are warned that FDS is intended for use only by those competent in the fields of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, combustion, and heat transfer, and is intended only to supplement the informed judgment of the qualified user. The software package is a computer model that may or may not have predictive capability when applied to a specific set of factual circumstances. Lack of accurate predictions by the model could lead to erroneous conclusions with regard to fire safety. All results should be evaluated by an informed user. Throughout this document, the mention of computer hardware or commercial software does not constitute endorsement by NIST, nor does it indicate that the products are necessarily those best suited for the intended purpose.
2013
Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, or sometimes called Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), has been used [1,2] in fire hazard assessment in performance-based design (PBD) or Fire Engineering Approach (FEA) over the past three decades. Even from day one, there are numerous problems because two-dimensional simulations are conducted with only 100,000 cells. It is well-known that only averaged flow parameters can be predicted. However, the prediction was used to ‘tune’ up adjustable parameters of fire hazards, such as estimating Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) [3] based on CFD predictions with unknown certainties.
Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 2)--User's Guide
2001
is an Information Technology Specialist in the Building and Fire Research Laboratory of NIST. Before coming to NIST, Bryan worked for five years with Western Fire Center, Inc., performing a wide range of activities including fire modeling, data acquisition programming, and quantitative fire measurements. His current focus is on FDS development and user support, along with experimental model validation work. v vi the publicly released software has only existed since 2000. Since its first release, continued improvements have been made to the software based largely on feedback from its users. Included here are some who made important contributions.