Effect of different methods of crop rotation and fertilization on canola traits and soil microbial activity (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011
This study describes the effects of fertilization and tillage methods on soil microbial community and canola traits. A field experiment was carried out in 2009 to 2010 growing season. Experiments were arranged in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of no tillage (T1), minimum tillage (T2) and conventional tillage (T3). Six strategies for obtaining the basal fertilizer requirement including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control, were arranged in sub plots. Results show that the activities of all enzymes were generally higher in the N4 treatment than in the unfertilized and chemical fertilizer treatments. The phosphatase, catalase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the farm yard manure (FYM) and compost treatments (CT). The activity of all enzyme activity tended to be higher in the NT treatment. The highest leaf N, P and K containing grain and grain yield was obtained from N5 treatment. Applying CT system caused to a reduction in grain yield as compared with chisel plowing.
Canola Traits and Some Soil Biological Indices in Response to Fertilizer and Tillage Management
2012
3 Abstract: This study describes the effects of fertilization and tillage methods on soil microbial community and canola traits. A field experiment was carried out in 2009-10 growing seasons. Experiments were arranged in a split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of no tillage (T1), minimum tillage (T2) and conventional tillage (T3). Six strategies for obtaining the basal fertilizer requirement including (N1): farmyard manure; (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): farmyard manure + compost; (N5): farmyard manure + compost + chemical fertilizers and (N6): control were arranged in sub plots. Results showed that the activities of all enzymes were generally higher in the N4 treatment than in the unfertilized and chemical fertilizer treatments. The phosphatase, catalase and urease activities in the N3 treatment were significantly lower than in the FYM and compost treatments. The activity of all enzyme activity tended to...
Effects of Manure and Fertilizer Applications on Canola Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition
Agronomy Journal, 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. R apeseed, together with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], palm (Elaeis guineensis) oil, peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and sunfl ower (Helianthus annuus L.), is an important world vegetable oil source. Rapeseed contains high oil content (about 40%) and the seed meal remaining aft er extraction can be used as animal feed or as a crop nutrient source when returned to the fi eld. Beginning in the 1960s, double low contents (low erucic acid, low glucosinolates) rapeseed, named "canola", was released in Canada which stimulated rapid growth of rapeseed throughout the world. Canola oil is widely used as cooking oil and salad oil, and can be processed into margarine. Rapeseed oil with high erucic acid content can be used as industrial lubricant oil. Due to the shortage and volatility of the world petroleum supply at the end of the 20th century, high oil content crops have gained substantial attention as important alternative bioenergy resources. In the European Union, 61.7% of canola oil was used to produce biodiesel in 2008 (ISTA, 2008; MVO, 2008). Fertilizer was widely applied to increase canola seed yield. Canola yield responds to fertilizer application, especially available N (Ramsey and Callinan, 1994; Hocking et al., 1997; Rathke et al., 2005). To achieve maximum seed yield, rapa canola needs 106 kg N ha-1 , alba mustard and napus canola need 135 kg N ha-1 , and juncea canola need 162 kg N ha-1 in the northern Great Plains area of Canada (Gan et al., 2007). In Michigan, 140 kg N ha-1 is recommended to produce optimum yield (Copeland et al., 2001). However, N application has reportedly decreased canola seed oil content and increased seed protein content (Brennan et al., 2000; Karamanos et al., 2005; Rathke et al., 2005). Sulfur application can increase N use efficiency (Fismes et al., 2000) and has markedly increased canola yield in S-defi cient soil (Janzen and Bettany, 1984; Nuttall et al., 1987; Jan et al., 2002). Canola seed oil and protein content have also been shown to increase with S fertilization (Jan et al., 2002; Malhi et al., 2007). Most nutrient management research to date has focused on canola grain yield and oil content response to fertilizer (N and S) application (Ramsey and
Evaluation agronomic traits of canola affected by organic and chemical nitrogen fertilizer
International Journal of Biosciences (IJB), 2014
Nitrogen is one of the most important element in crop production, so nitrogen deficit occurs almost every where except when the fertilizer is added to plants, therefore a field experiment was carried out a factorial split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replications in two planting date(PD) at one year. Main plots consisted of two level of organic manure, (OM1) and (OM2) and five level of chemical fertilizer, (CF1), (CF2), (CF3), (CF4), (CF5) and sub plots consisted of two cultivar(C) (Okapi and Zarfam). Results of composed variance analysis showed that organic manure had significant effect on seed yield and means comparison showed highest seed yield was observed from application of organic manure with 2165 kg/ha and in comparison between organic manure levels application of organic manure had highest oil percent with 40.4 percent this positive effect was attributed to indicate importance of application of organic manures, in continuance result showed third level of chemical fertilizer application had highest harvest index with 38.33 percent that caused to observed highest seed yield with 2492 (Kg/ha).
Plant Production Science
Conservation agriculture using crop rotations and residue management is increasingly accepted in conventional agricultural systems. However, the effects on crop productivity and soil properties of different rotations, levels of use, and residue management have yet to be fully understood. Our study considered the effect of three previous crops (bread wheat, durum wheat, and corn) and four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200%) in a split plot design with four replicates on canola production parameters and soil chemical properties at the end of this crop. Production parameters and soil chemical properties were mostly affected by the previous crop and less by the residue incorporation rates under the conditions of this experiment; however, neither of these factors affected grain yield (ranging from 4.0 to 4.8 Mg ha −1). Canola residue production was higher (9.7%) after the corn crop, regardless of the residue incorporation rate, but the harvest index was lower after this crop. Most of the soil chemical properties were also affected, revealing increased organic matter and exchangeable K when the previous crop was corn and decreased concentrations of the cations with basic reaction when the previous crop was durum wheat.
The Role of Bio Fertilizer in Canola Growth, Yield and Stress Condition : A Review
The oil extracted from canola (Brassica napusL.) has high industrial and economic value, since it is used as edible oil and feedstock for biodiesel production. It is also the third most produced oilseed in the world. Canola has the lowest saturated fat content among vegetable oils and thus presents an increasing demand for diet-conscious consumers. Oilseed rape has a relatively high requirement of nitrogen where the content of this nutrient in seeds and plant tissues is greater than in most grain crops. 6 Nitrogen different levels and biofertilizers effects were studied on growth and yield of canola Canola represents its highest yield in proper and desirable soil conditions. However its growth, yield and oil yield can be reduced significantly by environmental stresses such as drought, salinity and water logging. Therefore, canola yield may reduce under saline soils. The use of Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture is a potentially important and interesting issue for increasing international concern in food and environmental quality. It is necessary for developing strategies of integrated fertilization for crops to maximize production of crops and reducing the risk of pollution from chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the objectives of this study to evaluate the impact of bio-organic, chemical nitrogen on seed quality of canola.
Industrial Crops and Products, 2012
Cropping systems in farmland areas of Iran are characterized by continuous cultivation of crops with consumption of chemical fertilizers leading to serious soil erosion and fertility decline. Information regarding the simultaneous evaluation of crop rotation and fertilization on the canola is lacking. Hence, field experiments were conducted during 2007-2010 using split-split plot design. Three crop rotations: chickpea, sunflower, wheat, and canola (R1); green manure, chickpea, green manure, wheat, green manure and canola (R2); canola, wheat, and canola (R3) were used as main plots. Sub plots were consisted of six methods of fertilization including (N1): farmyard manure (FYM); (N2): compost; (N3): chemical fertilizers; (N4): FYM + compost and (N5): FYM + compost + chemical fertilizers; and control (N6). Four levels of biofertilizers consisted of (B1): phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB); (B2): Trichoderma harzianum; (B3): PSB + T. harzianum; and (B4): without biofertilizers were arranged in the sub-sub plots. Results showed that green manure application in canola rotation (R2) increased grain yield and nutrient uptake. Combined application of FYM, compost and chemical fertilizers (N5) elevated the nitrogen uptake rate and grain oil yield. Simultaneous use of PSB and T. harzianum (B3) resulted in the increase of nitrogen and sulfur contents of grain. R2 rotation with regard to its biological and environmental efficiencies accompanied with FYM + compost and B3 (PSB + T. harzianum) is suggested as a low input system to obtain a more sustainable and productive farming in canola.
2009
Canola (Brassica napus L.) cv. Pactol was experimented for growth and seed oil production due to farm yard manure (FYM) and urea in presence of diazotrophic bio-preparates applied in clay and sand soils. Introduction of diazotroph inocula was more supportive to canola grown in sand soil than the corresponding cultivated in clay soil, a phenomenon observed with all growth parameters determined. Among the microbial products, rhizobactren acted more efficiently compared to others. Comparative variations in chemical characteristics of both soils due to diazotroph formulations were very contradicting, some inocula were successful in improving sand properties while others showed more pronounced modifying influence in the heavy textured clay soil. In the majority of cases, response of canola to urea application was more evident in sand than clay soil. On the contrary to the effect of mineral-and biofertilizers, canola grown in clay soil responded, to higher extent, to FYM. Due to various fertilization regimes, no distinct trend, among both soils, was recorded in respect to chemical properties.
Nitrogen (N) fertilizer plays a vital role in enhancing canola yield. To assess the influence of nitrogen fertilizer at different stages of plant growth, an experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Center in Rasht, located in Northern Iran in 2008. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of two varieties of canola (V 1 : Hyola, V 2 : PF7045.91) and five different schedules of nitrogen fertilizer application. The nitrogen treatments comprised of application of a total of 300 kg nitrogen using five different schedules of application: N 1 (150 kg/ha at planting time and 150 kg/ha at flowering time), N 2 (100 kg/ha at planting time, 100 kg/ha after rosette stage and 100 kg/ha at flowering time), N 3 (150 kg/ha at planting time, 75 kg/ha 30 days after planting, 75 kg/ha at flowering time), N 4 (75 kg/ha at planting time, 150 kg/ha after rosette stage and 75 kg/ha at flowering time), N 5 (conventional schedule of nitrogen fertilizer in the region comprising of 75 kg/ ha at planting time, 75 kg/ha 30 days after planting, 75 kg/ha after rosette stage and 75 kg/ha at flowering time). Results showed that the highest seed yield (3597 kg/ha) of canola was obtained from variety PF7054.91 and the best programme of nitrogen fertilizer was N 4 where 75 kg N/ha was applied at the planting time, 150 kg N/ha after rosette growth stage and 75 N kg/ha of nitrogen at the flowering time. Production efficiency of canola crop can be enhanced in a crop rotation system in rice farms under agro-ecological conditions of Guilan, North of Iran.