Evidence for a new late positive ERP component in an attended novelty oddball task (original) (raw)
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The influence of stimulus deviance and novelty on the P300 and Novelty P3
Psychophysiology, 2002
This study examined the relationship between ERP components elicited by deviant stimuli by disentangling the P300 and Novelty P3 components, using spatiotemporal principal components analysis and a dense electrode array. The three-tone paradigm was used and the pitch attributes of the tones were systematically manipulated so as to map the amplitude of the ERP components on the stimulus context. A comparison was made between the components elicited by events in the three-stimulus, classical oddball, and novelty oddball paradigms. Responses to deviant stimuli consisted of independent and dissociable ERP components in the 400-600-ms time range: A parietal component~P300! that was larger for targets than rare nontargets and was affected by the difficulty of discrimination, a fronto-central component Novelty P3! that was larger for novel tones and for rare nontargets in the difficult discrimination condition, and an additional anterior negative component responded similarly to all types of deviant stimuli.
A componential analysis of the ERP elicited by novel events using a dense electrode array
Psychophysiology, 1999
In this study, we examined the relationship between the novelty P3 and the P300 components of the brain event-related potential~ERP!. Fifteen subjects responded manually to the rare stimuli embedded either in a classical auditory oddball series or in a series in which "novel" stimuli were inserted. The electroencephalogram~EEG! was recorded with a dense array of 129 electrodes. The data were analyzed by using spatial Principal Components Analysis~PCA! to identify a set of orthogonal scalp distributions, "virtual electrodes" that account for the spatial variance. The data were then expressed as ERPs measured at each of the virtual electrodes. These ERPs were analyzed using temporal PCA, yielding a set of "virtual epochs." Most of the temporal variance of the rare events was associated with a virtual electrode with a posterior topography, that is, with a classical P300, which was active during the virtual epoch associated with the P300. The novel stimuli were found to elicit both a classical P300 and a component focused on a virtual electrode with a frontal topography. We propose that the term Novelty P3 should be restricted to this frontal component.
Late Divergence of Target and Nontarget ERPs in a Visual Oddball Task
Physiological Research, 2012
Different mental operations were expected in the late phase of intracerebral ERPs obtained in the visual oddball task with mental counting. Therefore we searched for late divergences of target and nontarget ERPs followed by components exceeding the temporal window of the P300 wave. Electrical activity from 152 brain regions of 14 epileptic patients was recorded by means of depth electrodes. Average target and nontarget records from 1800 ms long EEG periods free of epileptic activity were compared. Late divergence preceded by almost identical course of the target and nontarget ERPs was found in 16 brain regions of 6 patients. The mean latency of the divergence point was 570±93 ms after the stimulus onset. The target post-divergence section of the ERP differed from the nontarget one by opposite polarity, different latency of the components, or even different number of the components. Generators of post-divergence ERP components were found in the parahippocampal gyrus, superior, middle...
Spatiotemporal analysis of the late ERP responses to deviant stimuli
Psychophysiology, 2001
We used a novel application of principal components analysis~spatiotemporal PCA! to decompose the event-related brain potentials~ERPs! obtained with a dense electrode array, with the purpose of elucidating the late ERP components elicited by deviant stimuli under "attend" and "ignore" conditions. First, a "spatial" PCA was performed to identify a set of scalp distributions~spatial factors or "virtual electrodes"! that accounted for the spatial variance in the data set. The data were expressed as spatial factor scores or "virtual ERPs" measured at each of the virtual electrodes. These virtual ERPs were submitted to a "temporal" PCA, yielding a set of temporal factors or "virtual epochs." Statistical analyses of the temporal factor scores found that~1! attended deviant stimuli elicited the P300 and Novelty P3 components, the latter being largest for highly salient nontargets;~2! "ignored" deviants elicited a small Novelty P3, and depending on the primary task, a small P300; and~3! the classical Slow Wave consisted of separate frontal-negative and posterior-positive components.
Cognitive Brain Research, 2005
To better understand whether voluntary attention affects how the brain processes novel events, variants of the auditory novelty oddball paradigm were presented to two different groups of human volunteers. One group of subjects (n=16) silently counted rarely presented dinfrequentT tones ( p=0.10), interspersed with dnovelT task-irrelevant unique environmental sounds ( p=0.10) and frequently presented dstandardT tones ( p=0.80). A second group of subjects (n=17) silently counted the dnovelT environmental sounds, the dinfrequentT tones now serving as the task-irrelevant deviant events. Analysis of event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded from 63 scalp channels suggested a spatiotemporal overlap of fronto-central novelty P3 and centro-parietal P3 (P3b) ERP features in both groups. Application of independent component analysis (ICA) to concatenated single trials revealed two independent component clusters that accounted for portions of the novelty P3 and P3b response features, respectively. The P3b-related ICA cluster contributed to the novelty P3 amplitude response to novel environmental sounds. In contrast to the scalp ERPs, the amplitude of the novelty P3 related cluster was not affected by voluntary attention, that is, by the target/nontarget distinction. This result demonstrates the usefulness of ICA for disentangling spatiotemporally overlapping ERP processes and provides evidence that task irrelevance is not a necessary feature of novelty processing. D
The novelty P3: an event-related brain potential (ERP) sign of the brain's evaluation of novelty
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 2001
A review of the literature that examines event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and novelty processing reveals that the orienting response engendered by deviant or unexpected events consists of a characteristic ERP pattern, comprised sequentially of the mismatch negativity (MMN) and the novelty P3 or P3a. A wide variety of evidence suggests that the MMN re¯ects the detection of deviant events, whereas the P3a is associated more with the evaluation of those events for subsequent behavioral action. On the scalp, the novelty P3a is comprised of at least two aspects, one frontal the other posterior, each with different cognitive (and presumably neurologic) correlates. Intracranial ERP investigations and studies of patients with localized brain lesions (and, to some extent, fMRI data) converge with the scalp-recorded data in suggesting a widespread neural network, the different aspects of which respond differentially to stimulus and task characteristics. q
Combined event-related fMRI and intracerebral ERP study of an auditory oddball task
NeuroImage, 2005
Event-related fMRI (efMRI) has been repeatedly used to seek the neural sources of endogenous event-related potentials (ERP). However, significant discrepancies exist between the efMRI data and the results of previously published intracranial ERP studies of oddball task. To evaluate the capacity of efMRI to define the sources of the P3 component of ERP within the human brain, both efMRI and intracerebral ERP recordings were performed in eight patients with intractable epilepsy (five males and three females) during their preoperative invasive video-EEG monitoring. An identical auditory oddball task with frequent and target stimuli was completed in two sessions. A total of 606 intracerebral sites were electrophysiologically investigated by means of depth electrodes. In accordance with the finding of multiple intracerebral generators of P3 potential, the target stimuli evoked MRI signal increase in multiple brain regions. However, regions with evident hemodynamic and electrophysiological responses overlapped only partially. P3 generators were always found within hemodynamic-active sites, if these sites were investigated by means of depth electrodes. On the other hand, unequivocal local sources of P3 potential were apparently also located outside the regions with a significant hemodynamic response (typically in mesiotemporal regions). Both methods should thus be viewed as mutually complementary in investigations of the spatial distribution of cortical and subcortical activation during oddball task.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2002
A parametric method is proposed to examine the relationship between neuronal activity, measured with event related potentials (ERPs), and the hemodynamic response, observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), during an auditory oddball paradigm. After verifying that the amplitude of the evoked response P300 increases as the probability of oddball target presentation decreases, we explored the corresponding effect of target frequency on the fMRI signal. We predicted and confirmed that some regions that showed activation changes following each oddball are affected by the rate of presentation of the oddballs, or the probability of an oddball target. We postulated that those regions that increased activation with decreasing probability might be responsible for the corresponding changes in the P300 amplitude. fMRI regions that correlated with the amplitude of the P300 wave were supramarginal gyri, thalamus, insula and right medial frontal gyrus, and are presumably sources of the P300 wave. Other regions, such as anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, were activated during the oddball paradigm but their fMRI signal changes were not correlated with the P300 amplitudes. This study thus shows how combining fMRI and ERP in a parametric design identifies task-relevant sources of activity and allows separation of regions that have different response properties.
Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) Elicited by Novel Stimuli during Sentence Processing
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1984
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have proven to be particularly sensitive indices of the brain's response to unexpected, surprising, or deviant stimuli (for reviews see Donchin et al., 1978; Picton et al., 1979). One of the more prominent of these ERPs following "surprising" stimuli has been a late positive wave called the P3, P300 or late positive complex (LPC). Among other hypotheses, it has been proposed that the P300 may reflect the resolution of prior uncertainty (Sutton et al., 1965; Ruchkin and Sutton, 1978) and the task-relevant surprise value of the stimulus (Donchin et al., 1978). However, in some situations stimuli having no assigned task relevance, when presented infrequently and unexpectedly, have also been found to elicit enlarged late positive waves in the 200-500 ms range (