Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial (original) (raw)
Updates on Antiobesity Effect of Garcinia Origin (−)-HCA
Garcinia is a plant under the family of Clusiaceae that is commonly used as a flavouring agent. Various phytochemicals including flavonoids and organic acid have been identified in this plant. Among all types of organic acids, hydroxycitric acid or more specifically (−)-hydroxycitric acid has been identified as a potential supplement for weight management and as antiobesity agent. Various in vivo studies have contributed to the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid via regulation of serotonin level and glucose uptake. Besides, it also helps to enhance fat oxidation while reducing de novo lipogenesis. However, results from clinical studies showed both negative and positive antiobesity effects of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid. This review was prepared to summarise the update of chemical constituents, significance of in vivo/clinical anti-obesity effects, and the importance of the current market potential of Garcinia/hydroxycitric acid.
The aim of this systematic review is to examine the efficacy of Garcinia extract, hydroxycitric acid (HCA) as a weight reduction agent, using data from randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Electronic and nonelectronic searches were conducted to identify relevant articles, with no restrictions in language or time. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Twenty-three eligible trials were identified and twelve were included. Nine trials provided data suitable for statistical pooling. The meta-analysis revealed a small, statistically significant difference in weight loss favouring HCA over placebo (MD: −0.88 kg; 95% CI: −1.75, −0.00). Gastrointestinal adverse events were twice as common in the HCA group compared with placebo in one included study. It is concluded that the RCTs suggest that Garcinia extracts/HCA can cause shortterm weight loss. The magnitude of the effect is small, and the clinical relevance is uncertain. Future trials should be more rigorous and better reported.
DUBIOUS ANTI-OBESITY AGENT HCA FROM GARCINIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Obesity is a complex disorder of appetite regulation and energy metabolism controlled by specific biological factors. Whenever prevention fails, medicinal treatment of obesity may become an obligation and it is more fruitful when we can acquire the medicinal treatment directly from nature, which is more preferred and healthier rather than going for chemical and surgical treatment. Alternatively, inhibition of carbohydrate to fatty acid conversion reaction can lead to obesity control. This can be done by assay of Hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA], which inhibits the formation of ATPcitrate lyase, responsible for lipogenesis. HCA is a derivative of citric acid and found in Garcinia fruit as the principal acid. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that (-)-HCA suppresses the de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis. However, results from clinical studies showed both negative and positive anti obesity effects of (-)-HCA. In this review paper an attempt has been made to explore and give an insight of (-)-HCA taking account of the literature coverage on speckled topics: Its discovery, properties, extraction and estimation and its significance of role in antiobesity activity.
Risks Associated with the Use of Garcinia as a Nutritional Complement to Lose Weight
Nutrients
Nowadays, obesity is one of the great nutritional problems facing public health. The prevalence of this pathology has increased in a worrying way over recent years, currently reaching epidemic proportions. In this context, nutritional supplements are presented as a therapeutic alternative to which more and more people are turning to. Nutritional supplements to lose weight based on the Garcinia plant, specifically on Garcinia cambogia, are commonly used. The active principle of this plant to which these properties have been attributed, is hydroxycitric acid (HCA). The aim of the present review is to gather reported data concerning the effectiveness of nutritional supplements based on Garcinia extracts on weight loss and their possible negative effects. Contradictory results have been observed regarding the effectiveness of the supplements. While statistically significant weight loss was observed in some studies, no changes were found in others. Regarding safety, although Garcinia sup...
DUBIOUS ANTI-OBESITY AGENT HCA FROM GARCINIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Review Article
Obesity is a complex disorder of appetite regulation and energy metabolism controlled by specific biological factors. Whenever prevention fails, medicinal treatment of obesity may become an obligation and it is more fruitful when we can acquire the medicinal treatment directly from nature, which is more preferred and healthier rather than going for chemical and surgical treatment. Alternatively, inhibition of carbohydrate to fatty acid conversion reaction can lead to obesity control. This can be done by assay of Hydroxycitric acid [(-)-HCA], which inhibits the formation of ATP-citrate lyase, responsible for lipogenesis. HCA is a derivative of citric acid and found in Garcinia fruit as the principal acid. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that (-)-HCA suppresses the de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis. However, results from clinical studies showed both negative and positive anti obesity effects of (-)-HCA. In this review paper an attempt has been made to explore and give an insight of (-)-HCA taking account of the literature coverage on speckled topics: Its discovery, properties, extraction and estimation and its significance of role in anti-obesity activity.
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2007
Fifty obese women with a body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg/m(2) were randomly allocated into two groups, 25 in each. Group 1, with a mean (+/-SEM) age of 40.0+/-2 years, received water soluble calcium hydroxycitrate (HCA) as Garcinia atroviridis. Group 2, with a mean age of 35.6+/-1.8 years, received placebo. All subjects were recommended a similar diet with 1000 Kcal/day. The trial lasted for 2 months. At baseline the means BMI of Group 1 and Group 2 were 27.5+/-0.2 kg/m(2) and 26.7+/-0.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Group 1 lost significantly more weight (2.8 vs. 1.4 kg, p<0.05) and at a greater rate than Group 2 throughout the study. The decrease in their body weight was due to a loss of fat storage as evidenced by a significant decrease in the triceps skin fold thickness. On a short-term basis, HCA in Garcinia atroviridis was an effective for weight management.
Nutraceutical, functional, and therapeutic properties of Garcinia cambogia: a review
International Journal of Food Properties, 2023
Garcinia gummigutta, also known as Garcinia cambogia, has been shown to have excellent properties bene cial against many health conditions. The use of Garcinia cambogia in traditional medicine has involved treating gastrointestinal ailments, intestinal parasites, rheumatism, digestive disturbances, among other ethnobotanical applications. The fruit, which resembles a pumpkin in appearance, is presently most often used and heavily promoted as a supplement for weight loss. According to studies, hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the main organic acid present in the fruit rind, has antiobesity properties that include lowering appetite and reducing body fat gain by regulating serotonin levels linked to satiety, increasing fat oxidation, and reducing de novo lipogenesis. HCA is a strong inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, which converts citrate to acetyl-coenzyme A, a catalyst for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. In in vitro and in vivo models, the plant's crude extract or components also have hepatoprotective, anti-cholinesterase, anti-in ammatory, anticancer, and anti-in ammatory e ects. Studies on the phytochemistry of several plant components found that organic acids and xanthones, such as carbogiol and benzophenones, were also present. There are already several G. cambogia/HCA dietary supplements available for weight loss, however there are some safety concerns about the potential toxicity of continuous usage of these supplements. The majority of complaints have been in connection with multi-component formulations. G. cambogia has not been positively identi ed as a possibly harmful aggressor. In this paper, the scienti c properties of G. cambogia are discussed in relation to pertinent botanical features, ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, biological activity, and toxicity. The study could be very helpful in emphasizing the therapeutic properties and mechanism of this plant and its applications.
Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 2016
Aim: The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of orlistat alone and in combination with Garcinia cambogia on visceral adiposity index (VAI) in obese patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 99 obese male patients were recruited with aged range between 37 and 46 years. They were randomized into three equal groups, first group treated with orlistat 120 mg/day, second group treated with G. cambogia 166 mg/day, and third group treated with orlistat 120 mg/day plus G. cambogia 166 mg/day. The duration of the treatments was three consecutive months. Body mass index (BMI), VAI, blood pressure, blood glucose, total lipid profile, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk ratio were recorded at baseline and after 3 months. Results: The treatment with G. cambogia leads to reduction in VAI P < 0.05, whereas orlistat has a beneficial effect on cardiometabolic profiles without a reduction in VAI P > 0.05. Combined therapy of G. cambogia plus orlistat showed the more significant effect in reduction of VAI P < 0.05, cardiometabolic profiles and anthropometric measures P < 0.01 compared to pretreatment period. Conclusion: Combination of G. cambogia with orlistat lead to more significant effect than orlistat alone in amelioration of cardiometabolic profile and VAI in obese patients.