Female calling behaviour and male response to the synthetic sex pheromone components of Palpita unionalis (Lepidoptera: Pyrali- dae) (original) (raw)
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Environmental Entomology, 2013
Sensory adaptation has been measured in the antennae of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) after 15 min of exposure to its main pheromone compound (Z)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z8-12:OAc) at the aerial concentration of 1 ng/m 3 measured in orchards treated with pheromone for mating disruption. Exposing males to this aerial concentration of Z8-12:OAc for 15 min, however, had only a small effect on their ability to orientate by ßight to virgin calling females in a ßight tunnel. Experiments were undertaken to determine if exposure to the main pheromone compound in combination with the two biologically active minor compounds of this species, (E)-8-dodecen-1-yl acetate (E8-12:OAc) and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol (Z8-12:OH) would induce greater levels of sensory adaptation and have a greater effect on male sexual behavior. The exposure of male antennae to 0.5 g/m 3 air of one of the three pheromone compounds induced sensory adaptation to this compound and to the other two pheromone compounds demonstrating cross adaptation. Average percentage sensory adaptation to a pheromone compound was similar after 15 min of exposure to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc, or to 1 ng/m 3 air of a 1:1:1 or 93:6:1 blend of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH. The exposure of males to 1 ng/m 3 air of Z8-12:OAc or the two ratios of Z8-12:OAc, E8-12:OAc, and Z8-12:OH for 15 min had no effect on their ability to orientate to a virgin calling female. The implications of these results for the operative mechanisms of sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption of this species are discussed.
Female-produced sexual pheromone ofSceliodes cordalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1986
Abstraet--(E)-ll-Hexadecen-l-yl acetate and (E)-ll-hexadecen-l-ol were identified in extracts from the abdominal pheromone gland of female SceIiodes cordalis and in a 1:1 ratio acted as a potent field attractant for males. Sustained upwind flight by males to this mixture in a wind tunnel confirmed the identity of these compounds as major components of the natural sex pheromone of this species. The synthetic pheromone was used to define the annual limits of male flight activity. In the presence of 1-10/zg of pheromone per liter of air, the mating rate of laboratory populations was halved. The Z isomers of both pheromone components decreased the numbers of males captured in traps baited with virgin females in the field and inhibited upwind flight in the wind tunnel. The attraction of males of Mnesictena flavidalis to virgin females of S. cordalis and synthetic mixtures was demonstrated to be due to the acetate component alone. Male Eudonia sp. nr linealis were captured by (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2006
and behavioral responses of female oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), were studied using the synthetic major component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, and partial three-component blend, (Z)-8-dodecenyl-acetate: (E)-8-dodecenyl-acetate:(Z)-8-dodecenol (in a 93:6:1 ratio), of the sex pheromone. EAGs elicited by both the single and three-component pheromone were signiÞcantly greater compared with hexane solvent controls. In 1-liter plastic chambers with constant throughput of air (50 ml/min) over rubber septa loaded with 0.01 or 0.1 mg of the three-component pheromone blend, onset of female calling was advanced by Ϸ2 h compared with solvent controls. However, the total number of females calling at peak time and the time of calling termination did not differ between pheromone-exposed and control moths. Oviposition rates of pheromone-exposed and clean air-exposed mated female moths did not differ in similar 1-liter ßow-through chambers lined with wax paper over 24-h intervals. In a separate experiment, male and female oriental fruit moth, caged in perforated 1-liter containers allowing air ventilation, were placed for 1-wk intervals in replicated glasshouses that were either treated with Isomate dispensers hung 0.5 m from chambers or left untreated. Oviposition rates between Isomate dispenser-exposed and control moths were similar. Female sensitivity to sex pheromone, termed "autodetection," has been observed previously and is thought to function either as a mechanism to 1) advance female calling periodicity under high population densities to increase the probability of attracting males, 2) induce dispersal under high population densities to reduce competition for males or food resources, or 3) aggregate females to increase local probability of mating success. Autodetection also may affect the efÞcacy of mating disruption for oriental fruit moth depending on whether pheromone exposure affects the diel periodicity of male sexual response.
European Journal of Entomology, 2007
Studies were conducted investigating the responses of female obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and redbanded leafrollers, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to components of their sex pheromone. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings revealed significant responses from antennae of female moths of both species to the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, at dosages ranging from 2 µg-2 mg. However, tested individually, the minor pheromone components of the obliquebanded leafroller, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenol, elicited little or no antennal response from conspecific females. This result was consistent for redbanded leafroller females, which showed only weak responses to the minor component (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate at a 2 mg dosage. For both species, species-specific blend ratios of the Z and E isomers of tetradecenyl acetate did not elicit a greater antennal response than the Z isomer alone. Virgin females of each species (2-4 d old) were placed into 1-liter plastic assay chambers with constant throughput of carbon-filtered air passed through 1-liter flasks containing rubber septa loaded with (Z)-and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and (Z)-11-tetradecenol for trials with female obliquebanded leafrollers or with (Z)-and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and dodecyl acetate for trials with female redbanded leafrollers. Exposure to pheromone-permeated air delayed the onset of calling by 1 h and terminated the calling period 1 h earlier for both species compared with solvent-control exposed females. Furthermore, the total proportion of calling females was reduced by half in chambers receiving constant throughput of pheromone-permeated air compared with solvent controls. Exposure to pheromonepermeated air also significantly reduced egg-laying in both species compared with clean-air controls. Furthermore, application of the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, at dosages ranging from 2 µg-2 mg to wax-paper ovipositional substrates, deterred oviposition by females of both species. Our data suggest that application of synthetic sex-attractant pheromones for mating disruption of leafroller species may have deleterious effects on female moth behavior, which may contribute to pest control. Field investigations will need to be conducted to test this hypothesis.
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1980
The effect of different concentrations of the sex pheromone (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-l-ol acetate on the Upwind anemotactic behavior of the male Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner) was measured at 23 + I~ and 34 + 1 ~ C. The stimulus-response regression lines were analyzed by a new procedure that accounts both for control responses in the absence of pheromone and also for peak responses below 100% in the presence of concentrations considerably above the normal physiological levels. From the regression line for each temperature, the upwind anemotactic thresholds were calculated to be 1.34 • 106 molecules/cm 3 at 23~ and 1.65 • 104 molecules/em 3 at 34~ similar to other thresholds reported in the literature. Since departures from the two lines occurred at the highest concentrations tested, near 10 s molecules/em 3, the upwind anemotactic behavior may change qualitatively above an altered-behavior threshold that is about two orders of magnitude higher than the upwind anemotactic threshold. The lower response at 23 ~ suggests that cool temperatures inhibit flight in response to pheromonal stimulation.
European Journal of …, 2007
Studies were conducted investigating the responses of female obliquebanded leafrollers, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and redbanded leafrollers, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to components of their sex pheromone. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings revealed significant responses from antennae of female moths of both species to the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, at dosages ranging from 2 µg-2 mg. However, tested individually, the minor pheromone components of the obliquebanded leafroller, (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-tetradecenol, elicited little or no antennal response from conspecific females. This result was consistent for redbanded leafroller females, which showed only weak responses to the minor component (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate at a 2 mg dosage. For both species, species-specific blend ratios of the Z and E isomers of tetradecenyl acetate did not elicit a greater antennal response than the Z isomer alone. Virgin females of each species (2-4 d old) were placed into 1-liter plastic assay chambers with constant throughput of carbon-filtered air passed through 1-liter flasks containing rubber septa loaded with (Z)-and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and (Z)-11-tetradecenol for trials with female obliquebanded leafrollers or with (Z)-and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetates and dodecyl acetate for trials with female redbanded leafrollers. Exposure to pheromone-permeated air delayed the onset of calling by 1 h and terminated the calling period 1 h earlier for both species compared with solvent-control exposed females. Furthermore, the total proportion of calling females was reduced by half in chambers receiving constant throughput of pheromone-permeated air compared with solvent controls. Exposure to pheromonepermeated air also significantly reduced egg-laying in both species compared with clean-air controls. Furthermore, application of the major pheromone component, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, at dosages ranging from 2 µg-2 mg to wax-paper ovipositional substrates, deterred oviposition by females of both species. Our data suggest that application of synthetic sex-attractant pheromones for mating disruption of leafroller species may have deleterious effects on female moth behavior, which may contribute to pest control. Field investigations will need to be conducted to test this hypothesis.
Journal of Insect Science, 2020
The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentag...
Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 2009
This study was conducted to investigate the sex pheromone composition of Palpita (=Diaphania) indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Korea. Two sex pheromone components, E11-16:Al and E,E-10,12-16:Al, were identified by GC and GC-EAD analysis of sex pheromone gland extracts. The mean ratios of the two components, E11-16:Al and E,E-10,12-16:Al, were about 6.5:3.5 and 7.5:2.5 in gland extracts and in SPME collection, respectively. In field bioassays, maximum attraction occurred in traps baited with a 7:3 ratio of E11-16:Al and E,E-10,12-16:Al. The head extracts of P. indica stimulated the sex pheromone production of P. indica, as well as Hez-PBAN and PssPT, indicating that a PBAN-like substance exists in the head extracts of P. indica. Whole-mount immunocytochemistry showed that three groups of neurosecretory cells showed PBAN-like immunoreactivity in the SEG of P. indica. The PBAN-like immunoreactivity connected to the Corpora Cardiaca, a neurohemal organ. Also, PBAN-like immunoreactivity was found in the brain and in the thoracic and third/fourth abdominal ganglia. The addition of sex pheromone components of Peridroma saucia to the sex pheromone of P. indica greatly improved the attraction of P. indica males. The mixing of the sex pheromone components of S. exigua did not significantly increase the catches of P. indica, while the sex pheromone of H. armigera completely inhibited the attractiveness.
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2007
Perception of the female sex pheromone in Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is responsible for induction and adjustment of calling by females and the collective phenomenon termed "female pheromonal chorusing". We found five olfactoryactive compounds in the U. ornatrix female gland. When females were exposed to the entire pheromone or to two of its (synthetically prepared) components, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, they were more likely to call during a given night, begin calling earlier, and briefly increase signal frequency with which they extrude their abdomen, an observable indication of calling in this species. Some females even initiated calling during photophase when exposed to the pheromone components. In general, female U. ornatrix are more sensitive to the complete blend of pheromone than to its individual compounds. We also tested the hypotheses: 1) that abdominal extrusion per se increases the rate of pheromone release; and 2) that greater abdominal pumping rhythm increases pheromone release rate. Contrary to our expectations: 1) females did not respond more strongly to a pulsed pheromone stimulus than to the constant release of pheromone at
Multicomponent Sex Pheromone in Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Environmental Entomology, 1999
Attraction of codling moth males, Cydia pomonella (L.), to calling conspeciÞc females, female gland extracts, and synthetic pheromone was studied in a wind tunnel. A doseÐresponse test using a single source showed that female gland extracts attracted more males than codlemone, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienol, alone. In choice tests, males preferred both calling females and gland extracts over synthetic codlemone. Calling females were as attractive as pheromone gland extracts, at a release rate of 100 pg codlemone/min. A 5-component blend of codlemone, its E,Z-isomer, (E)-9-dodecenol, dodecanol and tetradecanol was more attractive than codlemone in the wind tunnel. This study shows that other compounds, in addition to codlemone, are involved in sex attraction of codling moth males. Control of codling moth by mating disruption with synthetic pheromone is close to a breakthrough, although the method is not efÞcient at high population densities. The Þnding that codling moth uses a multicomponent pheromone offers the opportunity to enhance the behavioral activity of current dispenser formulations.