Ethnic differences in circulating soluble adhesion molecules: the Wandsworth Heart and Stroke Study (original) (raw)
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Annals of Epidemiology, 2010
To examine the distribution and cardiovascular risk correlates of serum triglycerides, a cross-sectional population study based on annual health examinations at the workplace was performed in 2199 young Japanese adults aged 23 to 37 years. Triglyceride levels showed significant sex (male > female) differences, and the percentages of those with high triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl) were 9.4% for males and 0.8% for females. In terms of conjoint trait of dyslipidemia, 86.1% of males displayed normal levels of both triglycerides (< 150 mg/dl) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (≥ 40 mg/dl), while 98.7% of females had normal values. Age-and sex-specific triglyceride levels above the 75th percentile (equivalent to 82-116 mg/dl for males and 56-63 mg/dl for females) increased the risk (odds ratio (OR)) for having obesity, hypertension, and hyperuricemia by 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI)=2.0-4.3), 1.7 (CI=1.1-2.9), and 3.0 (CI=1.6-5.9), respectively. The respective ORs for triglyceride levels above the 75th percentile and HDL cholesterol below the 25th percentile (equivalent to 45-49 mg/dl for males and 58-63 mg/dl for females), compared with triglyceride levels the 75th percentile or less and HDL cholesterol levels the 25th percentile or more, were 8.7 (CI=5.8-12.9), 2.2 (CI=1.5-3.3), and 6.0 (CI=3.2-11.5). Our results suggest a threshold effect of triglyceride levels considered as normal on enhanced cardiovascular risk in young Japanese adults, especially in those with low HDL cholesterol levels.
The American Journal of Cardiology, 2007
Although certain markers of inflammation and hemostasis are elevated in persons at risk of future cardiovascular events, data assessing the relation between inflammatory and hemostatic markers of vascular risk and race/ethnicity are limited. Thus, in a crosssectional analysis of the Women's Health Study (WHS), baseline soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), homocysteine, and fibrinogen were measured in 23,687 women without a history of cardiovascular disease. In 22,677 white, 242 Hispanic, 428 black, and 340 Asian women, the distribution of median ICAM-1 levels was significantly lower in black (311.9 ng/ml, interquartile range [IQR] 220.1 to 380.0) and Asian (312.7 ng/ml, IQR 267.3 to 362.3) women than white (343.1 ng/ml, IQR 301.9 to 394.9) and Hispanic (351.9 ng/ml, IQR 305.9 to 404.2) women (p <0.001). Although homocysteine was marginally lower in Asian women (p ؍ 0.05), fibrinogen was higher in black women than their counterparts. After controlling for body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, family history of myocardial infarction, education, hormone use, and lipids, ICAM-1 remained significantly lower in black and Asian women. Meanwhile, homocysteine was lower in Asian women and fibrinogen remained higher in black women than their counterparts. In conclusion, this cross-sectional analysis shows that baseline fibrinogen, ICAM-1, and homocysteine vary by self-reported race/ethnicity.
Diabetes, 2007
Elevated circulating levels of soluble adhesion molecules as markers of endothelial dysfunction have been related to insulin resistance and its associated metabolic abnormalities. However, their associations with type 2 diabetes remain inconclusive. We conducted a prospective nested casecontrol study to examine the associations between plasma levels of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and diabetes risk among 82,069 initially healthy women aged 50 to 79 years from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 1,584 incident diabetes case subjects were matched with 2,198 control subjects by age, ethnicity, clinical center, time of blood draw, and follow-up time. Baseline median levels of the biomarkers were each significantly higher among case subjects than among control subjects (E-selectin, 49 vs. 37 ng/ml; ICAM-1, 324 vs. 280 ng/ml; and VCAM-1, 765 vs. 696 ng/ml [all P values <0.001]). After adjustment for risk factors, the relative risks of diabetes among women in the highest quartile versus those in the lowest quartile were 3.46 for E-selectin (95% confidence interval 2.56-4.68; P for trend <0.0001), 2.34 for ICAM-1 (1.75-3.13; P for trend
Obesity, 2006
SHAI, IRIS, TOBIAS PISCHON, FRANK B. HU, ALBERTO ASCHERIO, NADER RIFAI, AND ERIC B. RIMM. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecules, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules, and risk of coronary heart disease. Obesity. 2006;14:2099 -2106. Objective: We examined the association of circulating levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1) with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and whether the adhesion molecules alone, and in combination, can serve as predictors of coronary CHD. Research Methods and Procedures: Among 18,225 men from the Health Professional Follow-up Study who provided blood in 1994, we documented 266 incidents of non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD during 6 years of follow-up. The cases were matched 1:2 with non-cases on age, smoking, and month of blood draw. We found both adhesion molecules directly associated with BMI, inflammatory biomarkers, and triglycerides and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein and alcohol intake (p Ͻ 0.05). After adjustment for C-reactive protein, cholesterolto-high-density lipoprotein ratio, age, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol intake, history of diabetes, parental history of CHD, aspirin use, antihypertensive drug use, and fasting status, the relative risk of CHD was 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14 to 2.51] for sICAM-1 and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.96) for sVCAM-1, when comparing the top quintile with the lower four quintiles. Control for other inflammatory or lipid biomarkers did not appreciably attenuate the associations. When we cross-classified participants based on their sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels, only the men in the top quintile of both biomarkers [relative risk ϭ 2.39 (95% CI, 1.45 to 3.91)] had a significantly elevated risk of CHD (P interaction ϭ 0.01, multivariate model). Discussion: sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 are directly associated with obesity and other CHD risk factors. The combination of high levels of both adhesion molecules might be associated with the development of CHD, independent of other CHD risk factors.
International Journal of Obesity, 2006
Background: The relationships between adhesion molecules and measures of obesity and metabolic syndrome in different ethnic populations are unclear. Objective: Our aim was to study the association between body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and the parameters of the metabolic syndrome with four different adhesion molecules, adjusting for potential confounders, in men and women from different ethnic origins. Methods: Soluble plasma adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sE-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured in 261 white (120 women), 188 African origin (99 women) and 215 South Asian (99 women) individuals living in South London. All were free from coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and other cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, drug therapy for hypertension or high lipids, hormone replacement therapy or oral contraceptive pill. Results: sE-selectin levels were positively and significantly associated with both BMI (Po0.001) and WHR (Po0.001). There were no major interactions with either sex or ethnicity. The strength of the association between sE-selectin and WHR was not affected by multiple adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity smoking, blood pressure, serum lipids and insulin (Po0.001), whereas the association with BMI was attenuated by multiple adjustments (P ¼ 0.037). An approximate 2% higher sE-selectin levels would be associated with a 1 unit higher BMI and a 0.01 unit greater WHR. Conclusions: The relationships between adhesion molecules and conventional measures of obesity are adhesion molecule specific and are strongest between sE-selectin and WHR.
Disease Markers, 2002
Background: High prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemias in people belonging to poor socio-economic strata in urban slums of northern India has been recorded recently. To assess whether this population has high levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, we investigated subjects belonging to poor socio-economic strata in urban slums and compared them to healthy control subjects from non-slum urban areas of New Delhi. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Subjects from a previously carried out cross-sectional study, Delhi Urban Slum Project (DUSP) were divided into two groups: Group-1 (n = 56) included subjects dwelling in slum area, having at least one risk factor (hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia), while group-2 (n = 60) consisted of subjects without any risk factor dwelling in the slum area. A third group (n = 29) of non-obese subjects without any risk factor living in non-slum urban area was included for comparison. Measurements included; body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (W-HR), four skinfolds, percentage body fat, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, and serum levels of sICAM-1. Results: Though statistically not significant, mean level of sICAM-1 was higher in group-1 (718.5 ± 232.8 ng/ml) as compared to the other groups. Of note, 35% of subjects in group-1 (p < 0.05 as compared to other two groups), and 25.3% of all subjects had levels of sICAM-1 in uppermost quartile (> 850 ng/ml). Partial correlation coefficients (R) of sICAM-1 levels with various parameters adjusted for age were statistically significant for BMI (R = 0.27, p < 0.05) in group-1; W-HR (R = 0.26, p < 0.05) and BMI (R = 0.19, p < 0.05) for group-2; and FPG (R = 0.17, p < 0.05) for all the subjects considered together. For females, the levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in the following: BMI 25 kg/m 2 (p = 0.04) and FPG > 7 mmol/l (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis suggests that an increment in BMI by one kg/m 2 would correspond to an increase in the levels of sICAM-1 by 8.5 units controlling for the influence of age and W-HR in the pooled data of all subjects. Conclusions: High percentage of subjects had levels of sICAM-1 in the upper quartile in the study, particularly those dwelling in the slum area and having coronary risk factor (s). The levels of sICAM-1 strongly correlated to the anthropometric and metabolic parameters, particularly in females. These observations are of potential importance for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in this population, though further studies are needed to predict those prone to the complications of atherosclerosis, based on sICAM-1 levels, as has been observed in other ethnic groups.
Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2024
Objectives: Adhesion molecules, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin appear to have a major role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin with ABO blood groups in Pakistani patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: In a case-control study, 116 patients of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 116 healthy controls (age range for both: 30 years to 70 years; both males and females) were randomly selected from the Aga Khan University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi with informed consent. The blood samples were obtained and analyzed for ABO blood groups and serum levels of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin using kit methods. Statistical tests including independent sample t-test and Two-way ANOVA were used to study the association of these adhesion molecules with blood groups in AMI patients and healthy controls. Duration of the study was from July 2021 to June 30, 2023. Results: Mean serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls (342±159 mg/dl vs. 227±104 mg/dl; p-value <0.001). Similarly, serum levels of sE-selectin were also significantly higher in AMI patients compared to healthy controls (53.6±26.9 mg/dl vs. 40.7± mg/dl; p-value <0.001). Moreover, mean concentrations of sICAM-1 and sE-selectin for the interaction between subject type (cases and control) and blood groups were statistically significant (p-value = 0.007 and p-value = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: There is an association of adhesion molecules, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin with ABO blood groups in Pakistani patients hospitalized with AMI.
Annals of clinical biochemistry, 2016
E-selectin, an adhesion molecule, is a specific marker of endothelial dysfunction. High concentrations have been reported in type 2 diabetes and disorders with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate marker of early atherosclerosis. We examined the relationship between E-selectin concentrations, CIMT and cardio-metabolic traits in normo- and hyperglycaemic mixed ancestry South Africans. E-selectin concentrations were determined in 308 subjects from the Cape Town Bellville South Community-based study on a mixed ancestry population. Their correlation with CIMT and cardio-metabolic profile used robust correlations and linear regression models. E-selectin concentrations were significantly higher in the hyperglycaemic (median 139.8 µg/L) compared to the normoglycaemic group (median 118.8 µg/L), (p = 0.0007). Significant differences between the two groups were found for markers of glycaemia and adiposity, but not for C...
Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Variation of Soluble Adhesion Molecules
In our research we examined the contribution of putative genetic sources on interindividual variation and crosssectional correlations of several adhesion molecules, including intracellular (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, in a population-based sample of ethnically homogeneous families of European origin. The plasma levels of these molecules were measured in 947 apparently healthy individuals from 217 nuclear families. Quantitative statistical-genetic analysis implementing the model fitting technique revealed significant parent/offspring and sibling correlations (p < 0.01) for all three molecules. The putative genetic effects explained 55.2 ± 7.2% (VCAM-1), 63.3 ± 7.5% (ICAM) and 63.8 ± 8.1% (E-selectin) of the variation. Common family environmental factors also significantly influenced the variation of E-selectin (13%) and VCAM-1 (28.6%). The main results of our bivariate analysis showed that the observed phenotypic correlations between ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and between ICAM-1 and E-selectin, were mostly attributable to shared environmental factors (r E = 0.896 and 0.737, respectively; p < 0.01). However, the correlation between VCAM-1 and E-selectin was likely caused by common genetic effects (r G = 0.334, p < 0.05). Our results show that familial clustering of adhesion molecules is likely due to strong genetic effects, supplemented with shared environmental factors.