(2014) The International in Security (original) (raw)
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Travellers in Ottoman Lands II
Travellers in Ottoman Lands II, 2024
This book contains a selection of peer-reviewed papers that were presented at a pioneering international Seminar on ‘Travellers in Ottoman Lands: the Balkans, Anatolia and Beyond’ (TIOL2) held at the Faculty of Islamic Studies of the University of Sarajevo in August 2022. We are particularly indebted to Professor Aid Smajić and his colleagues for their assistance in arranging the Seminar and for all their kindness and hospitality during the event. We are also grateful for the financial and logistical support we received for the Seminar from the association for the Study of Travel in Egypt and the Near East (ASTENE), and to Cornucopia and for the hard work of the TIOL2 committee members, publications subcommittee and peer-reviewers who contributed to organising the Seminar and to the making of this volume. The event, which followed the successful ‘Travellers in Ottoman Lands: the Botanical Legacy’ TIOL1 seminar in Edinburgh in 2017, combined a fascinating series of presentations and discussions with a visit to Mostar on the final day. It was a truly interdisciplinary gathering, with experts ranging from anthropologists and historians to journalists and literature specialists. From 24 to 26 August 2022, following a delightful plenary lecture by Jason Goodwin, we heard papers on topics as varied as Traders and diplomats through Ottoman lands; Ottoman cities through the eyes of travellers; Spiritual journeys; Christian-Muslim Relations in the late Ottoman Balkans; Botany and Medicine; Women Travellers; Ottoman Orientalism; Fictional journeys and fictional characters; and The Eastern Question: colonialism, imperialism and the nineteenth-century Balkans. Our second plenary speaker, Dr Dženita Karić, spoke on Ottoman Bosnians on the Ḥajj, and we also enjoyed screenings, generously sponsored by Cornucopia magazine, of two films by Didem Pekün relevant to recent Bosnian history, Like the Seminar itself, the resulting book discusses travel and travellers from, to and across the Balkans and beyond from a wide variety of viewpoints and theoretical perspectives. As Ines Aščerić-Todd wrote in the Seminar booklet: ‘This is the region through which the Ottoman Empire first expanded into Europe, and which heralded its eventual downfall; it is a region through which Western travellers often passed on their way further East and the location in which they often first encountered the Oriental ‘other’. Moreover, the region remains crucial to building a better understanding between the ‘East’ and the ‘West’, between former Ottoman lands and their Western European neighbours, and between Islam and Christianity.’
With the exception of military campaigns in Ottoman history, the only Sultan who traveled to foreign countries and the only caliph who went to Christian countries as an ally was Sultan Abdülaziz. One of the most important stops during Sultan's journey to Europe in 1867 was Britain. He visited many institutions here and stayed for more than ten days, participated in banquets and balls, was given in his honour and hosted many influential people and institutions at the reception he gave. Sultan's journey to Europe, the British leg of his travel in particular, aroused great interest in the British press, and liberal, conservative, and satirical newspapers kept a close eye on Sultan. There were page-by-page news about the balls given in the name of the Sultan, the entertainments organised, the apparel and attitudes of the Sultan and his entourage, and what they ate and drank. Accordingly, this study aims to convey the reflections of this journey in British liberal, conservative, and satirical newspapers and to exhibit the attitudes of dissidents and supporters towards the journey together with their impressions and reflections on the British front. The perception of Sultan and Islam that existed in Britain and changed during the journey will also be revealed.
The Ottoman Environments Revisited
Seeds of Power: Explorations in Ottoman Environmental History, edited by Onur Inal and Yavuz Köse. Winwick, Cambridgeshire: The White Horse Press, pp. 1-16, 2019
McMaster University, The Ottomans and the World Around Them, HIST 3A03 Syllabus
This course surveys aspects of the interactions of the Ottoman Empire with Europeans and non-Europeans in the Mediterranean and Black Sea from the 1300s to 1900s. We will explore significant historical themes, such as arrival of the Turks to the Middle East, the emergence of the Ottoman state in Asia Minor, its definitive establishment in the Eastern Mediterranean, and its transformation between 1700 and 1900. During the term, we will also look closer at Ottoman state institutions, and significant historical events and figures in the larger Middle East. However, the course is not designed to recount the military victories of the Ottoman state and statesmen. We will instead focus on, and analyze, the continuous political, social and economic dialogue that existed between the Ottoman Empire and the outside world.
International Relations from the Global South: Worlds of Difference, 2020
In 1867 the Ottoman sultan, Abdülaziz, arrived in Paris to attend the World Fair as Emperor Napoleon III's guest of honor. The Sultan's visit was a significant occasion not only for his hosts but also for the Ottomans. For it was the first time an Ottoman sultan was traveling to lands outside the empire for reasons other than battle and conquest. Indeed, some at home objected to an Ottoman sultan stepping outside of what they viewed as dar-al-sulh (abode of peace) for reasons other than war-making. Such objections were warranted by Ottomans' hierarchical conception of the international which was legitimized by a particular cosmology that placed them at the top vis-à-vis all other peoples. More specifically, dar-al-sulh referred to a space where Muslims and other protected peoples enjoyed security. European powers, in turn, were viewed as located on a lower pedestal in relation to the Ottoman self. While this particular cosmology did not mandate war with non-Muslims, it nevertheless underscored the potential for their territories to be conquered sometime in the future. Needless to say, this hierarchical view of the world hinged on the continuation of Ottoman military superiority vis-à-vis their European counterparts. From the 17th century onwards, as the empire experienced one battlefield loss after another, the Ottomans found it increasingly difficult to hold on to their own view of the international. By the time the Paris World Fair took place in 1867, the empire had succumbed to the European society of states' view of the international. The latter was another hierarchy that ranked world peoples in terms of so-called "standard of civilization" (Gong 1984) (see Box 10.1). The Ottoman leadership struggled to improve the empire's position in this hierarchy by reorganizing its bureaucracy and particularly the military. The Ottomans also started attending world fairs to improve their image and claim their place among the "civilized" (Deringil 2003). The sultan's visit to the 1867 Paris World Fair was conceived as part of this strategy.
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND EUROPE - HALİL İNALCIK
Kronik Kitap, 2017
“The history of Europe and the history of the Ottomans are two parallel histories; for this reason, the history of the two worlds should be studied comparatively.” Halil İnalcık From the middle of the fifteenth century on, the Ottoman Empire played a crucial role in shaping European history. This factor has not been weaved into Western historiography to its detriment, because explaining concepts such as raison d’etat, realpolitik, balance of power or even European identity remain somewhat short changed without the role of the Ottoman Empire in the evolution as well as functioning of these concepts. The Ottoman Empire is generally depicted and perceived as the adversary and antithesis of Europe and Europeanness in Western historiography because of certain historic reasons such as the Christian crusading tradition, public hostility due to long lasting warfare, cultural estrangement and perhaps because the Ottomans remained outside the Enlightenment process. However, there is much more to it than struggle. Our research findings presented in this compilation point to the impact of the Ottoman Empire in shaping modern Europe, specifically as of the sixteenth century and socio-cultural exchanges between the two realms through five hundred years of encounter
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