Effect of Probiotic, Carbohydrase Enzyme and Their Combination on the Performance, Histomorphology and Gut Microbiota in Broilers Fed Wheat-based Diets (original) (raw)
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Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2009
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of the key cereal grains and a microbial enzyme supplement on broiler chicken performance, gut microflora and intestinal function. Ingestion of the barley-based diet was associated with low 28-day body weight, decreased feed intake and high FCR. The supplemental enzyme increased feed intake and weight gain of the chickens on a wheat-based diet. The pH of the gizzard and caecal contents varied with the grain type. Enzyme supplementation reduced ileal viscosity, particularly in birds that received the diet based on wheat. The birds on the barley-based diet had lower ileal digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy than those given maize and sorghumbased diets. The ileal digestibility of starch was increased by enzyme supplementation. Enzyme supplementation increased the number of total anaerobic bacteria in the gizzard of birds fed on sorghum and increased lactobacilli in the gizzard of those fed both sorghum and wheat. The birds fed the sorghum-based diet had the lowest counts of caecal total anaerobic bacteria and lactobacilli. Jejunal villus height and villus:crypt ratio of birds fed the barley-based diet were the lowest when compared with those fed the other diets. Enzyme application induced an increase in villus height and villus:crypt ratio of birds on wheat, crypt depth on barley and a reduction in crypt depth of chickens on the sorghum-based diets. The highest activity of maltase and the lowest activity of sucrase were observed in tissue from birds fed on maize and sorghum-based diets respectively. The differences in the performance of broilers on cereal grains could be explained by changes in intestinal morphology, enzyme activities and gut microflora as well as nutrient digestibility. The improved performance by supplemental enzyme in wheat-fed chickens was associated with beneficial changes in intestinal morphology and digesta viscosity.
International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 2012
A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on intestinal microflora and histomorphology of broilers. One-day-old Avian 48 chicks (n=100) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments (25 birds/treatment) for 6 week experiment. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates (two replicate of 8 birds and one with 9 birds). Treatment groups were as follow: 1. Basal diet (control); 2. Basal diet plus Mannan-Oligosaccharide (MOS) at levels of 2 g /kg of the starter diets and 0.5 g/kg of the grower diets); 3. Basal diet plus probiotic (3 g/kg diet, Saccharomyces cerevisiae); and 4. Basal diet plus the combination of pre and probiotics (synbiotic). On d 21 and 42, 3 birds per treatment were sacrificed to evaluate gut morphology and microbiology. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum microflora composition and intestinal histomorphology were determined. The final body weight (BW), weight gain, feed conversion efficiency were significantly (p<0.05) higher in probiotic and synbiotic supplemented broilers compared with the control and prebiotic groups. Concentrations of bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus spp. in the duodenum and jejunum digesta at d 42 were significantly (P <0.05) higher in prebiotic supplemented broilers compared with the control and synbiotic treatments. However, synbiotic supplementation maintaining populations of unprofitable or potential pathogens (E. coli) at relatively low levels (numerically) in the small intestinal and cecal digesta. In addition, the total aerobes and coliform colony count were not significantly affected by any of the dietary treatment. Morphology data for the small intestine showed that synbiotic supplemented broilers had significantly higher (p < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum in comparison with the other treatments. The crypt depths were numerically (p > 0.05) decreased in duodenum and ileum in synbiotic supplemented broilers. In addition, the age had significant effect on intestinal histomorphology. Moreover, the interaction between dietary treatment and age did not affect (p > 0.05) any of the intestinal histomorphological parameters.
2016
This study investigated the effects of dietary prebiotics, probiotic, synbiotic and organic acid salt supplementation on broiler growth performance, intestinal microflora, and histomorphology. A total of 300 one-dayold broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 5 different treatments with 3 replicates including 20 birds each. The birds received the same basal diet based on corn-soybean meal, and additives included in the diet at 0 control, prebiotic (1 g/kg), probiotic (1 g/ kg), synbiotic (1 g/ kg), and acidifier (5 g/ kg). The body weight, weight gain, feed conversion, intestinal morphology and microbiology of birds showed significant (p<0.01) improvement with dietary pre, pro, synbiotic and organic acid salt supplementation from 0 to 21d, 22-42 d and from 0-41 d in comparison with the control group. Synbiotic followed by probiotic supplemented groups revealed the highest final body weight, weight gain, better feed conversion and the highest antibody response to Newcastle disease...
Bioefficacy of a probiotic feed additive in broiler diets
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a probiotic supplement on the performance of broiler chickens. In each experiment, two treatments were applied during both the starter (1-21d) and the grower (22-42d) phases: a basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 10 9 CFU/kg Enterococcus faecium CECT 4515. Diets were presented as mash (Experiments I and II) or pellets following local custom, and were based on wheat, barley, maize and soybean meal. 18, 12 and 16 replicates of 22, 60 and 40 Ross-308 birds per treatment were used in Experiments I, II and III, respectively. In all the Experiments, probiotic supplementation increased feed intake at 21 d (53.3 vs 55.3 g/d; 46.4 vs 47.9 g/d; 41.0 vs 46.8 g/d; P<0.050). In addition, probiotic supplementation also increased growth in Experiments I and III (36.3 vs 37.8 g/d; 26.6 vs 30.1 g/d; P<0.050), and in Experiment II (28.0 vs 28.7 g/d; P<0.100).
The effects of an antibiotic growth promoter (oxytetracycline), a probiotic, a mycotoxin binder, and a mixture of the probiotic and mycotoxin binder on growth performance, intestinal microbiota and gut morphology were examined in two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks. They were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments with 6 replicate groups of 8 birds each. A corn-soyabean-based diet was formulated to serve as the basal diet (negative control, NC) at both starter and grower phases. The basal diet+antibiotic was the positive control (PC). The other test diets were basal diet+1.0% probiotics (PB), basal diet+0.05% mycotoxin binder (MB), and basal diet+1.0% PB and 0.05% MB. Body weight gain (BWG), feed and dry matter intake were significantly (P<0.05) improved in birds fed the PB and MB diets over the NC diet but not up to the PC diet at starter phase only. The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was not influenced by dietary treatments at both starter and grower phases but gain: feed (G: F) was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by dietary treatments at 0 to 35 d, with improved G: F observed in birds fed NC+MB and NC+PB+MB diets. Weight of pancreas was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in birds fed diets supplemented with MB, PB and PB+MB over the controls. The villus height of birds fed NC+PB was significantly (P<0.05) improved than other dietary treatments, while the crypt depth of birds fed NC+PB and NC+MB was significantly (P<0.05) improved over the controls and NC+PB+MB diets. Microflora count in the gut sections showed significant (P<0.05) increase in coliform load in the duodenum, ileum and caecum in birds fed NC diet. However, in the ileum, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in LAB in birds on NC+PB diet.
Austral journal of veterinary sciences
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens housed on lower or higher environmental challenge. Three hundred male Cobb chicks were distributed into four groups in completely randomised design with treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme to evaluate effects of two diets (with or without probiotics) and two environmental conditions (lower or higher challenge), totaling four treatments with five replications with 15 birds per box. Probiotics were added on diets and were composed of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Enterococcus faecium. The environment with lower challenge was made up of new wood shavings used as litter, low bird density (8 birds/m 2) and daily-cleaned bell drinkers. The environment with higher challenge was made up of re-used wood shavings used as litter (after three broods of broilers), bird density of 16 birds/m 2 with bell drinkers cleaned every two days. No significant interaction between diet and environmental challenge was found for any of the variables evaluated. Performance, slaughterhouse variables and chemical carcass composition were not affected by the use of probiotics. Chicks receiving diets without probiotics had lower intestinal crypt depth (267.1 vs. 316.6 μm, P=0.0068). Birds raised in the environment with higher challenge decreased feed intake (4,660 vs 5,020 g, P=0.0422), weight gain (2,610 vs 2,810 g, P= 0.0054), drumstick and thigh yield (21.98 vs 24.14 %, P=0.0354), and increased crypt depth (325.2 vs 258.5 μm P=0.0009). In conclusion, the probiotic does not promote satisfactory improvements, regardless of the environmental challenge.
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2009
Aims: Prebiotics are a potential alternative to in-feed antimicrobials to improve performance of chickens. We investigated the effects of mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, performance and the intestinal microbiota. Methods and Results: Cobb 500 birds were fed either: Control, starter diet without antimicrobials; ZnB, Control + 50 ppm zinc bacitracin; MOS, Control + 5 g kg )1 MOS; or FOS, Control + 5 g kg )1 FOS. An energy metabolism study was conducted and intestinal microbial communities assessed by T-RFLP and Lac PCR-DGGE. Diet did not influence performance. Ileal microbial communities were significantly different in ZnB-fed birds compared to all diets, and FOS-fed chickens compared to Control. MOS-fed chickens had a different caecal profile to ZnB and FOS-fed birds. Consensus Lac PCR-DGGE profiles indicated Lactobacillus communities clustered according to diet with Lactobacillus johnsonii characteristic of ZnB diet. Control and MOS-fed chickens displayed significantly different jejunal Lactobacillus profiles to each other whilst ileal profiles were different between MOS and FOS-fed birds. Conclusion: Prebiotics influenced the intestinal microbiota, but did not affect performance. Significance and Impact of the Study: In light of pressure for in-feed antimicrobial withdrawal, the impact of alternative compounds on the intestinal microbiota and bird performance is critical to the poultry industry.
Archives Animal Breeding, 2010
The trial involved 684 Cobb 500 broiler chicks in order to investigate the effects of probiotics and phytogenic additives on performance, gut morphology and cecal microbial concentrations. Birds were assigned to three treatments: control feed, treatment with addition of probiotics in feed and water and treatment with addition of phytogenic blend in feed. The results showed a significant improvement (P<0.01) in body weight gain and a numerical, but non significant (P>0.05) improvement in feed conversion ratio by adding both probiotics and phytogenics in feed. There were no statistically significant differences among treatments regarding total aerobes, anaerobes, lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, enterococci, and Escherichia coli populations (P>0.05) in cecum of broilers. The gut morphology examination showed that probiotics had beneficial effect on jejunum morphology causing a significant (P<0.005) increase in villus height and villus surface area compared to other two groups. On the other hand, phytogenic additive had no effect (P>0.05) on villus height or villus surface area, but reduced the villus/crypt ratio (P<0.05), which may indicate that the improved production results in the group with added phytogenics are not directly connected with changes in gut integrity, but with other physiological mechanisms.
Journal of applied animal nutrition, 2019
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of method of whole wheat inclusion on performance and caecal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis was used to characterise the microbiota by using genusspecific probes. Three treatments, namely, ground wheat (GW) or 200 g/kg whole wheat (WW) replacing GW before or after pelleting were evaluated. A total of 144, one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to 18 cages (eight broilers per cage) based on body weight and six cages were randomly assigned to each treatment. The diets were offered ad libitum from day 11 to 35 post-hatch. The WW fed birds, regardless of the method of inclusion, resulted in poorer weight gain (P < 0.05) and reduced feed intake (P < 0.001), but a similar feed per gain (P > 0.05) compared to those fed the GW diet. The WW diet, regardless to the method of inclusion, had no effect (P > 0.05) on the populations of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides spp. compared with the GW diet. The Bifidobacterium spp. population was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed the GW diet compared with WW feeding, regardless of the method of inclusion. A reduction (P < 0.05) in the numbers of pathogenic Clostridium and Campylobacter spp. were observed in caecal samples from birds fed WW diets, regardless of method of inclusion, compared with those fed the GW diet, which was attributed to increased gizzard activity. Birds fed WW diets, regardless to the method of inclusion, showed a reduction in gizzard pH (P < 0.05), microbial gas production (P < 0.05), and an increase in gizzard weight (P < 0.05) relative to the GW treatment. The results indicated that the gizzard has an important function as a barrier organ, one that prevents pathogenic bacteria from entering the distal digestive tract.
Influence of additional level of probiotics on intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens
2017
The digestive tract of broiler chickens contains a highly complex microbiota, generally consisting of body beneficial bacteria and, in some cases, of pathogen bacteria. To reduce the quantity of pathogen bacteria, the structure of this microbiota can be changed by using some feed additives, such as probiotics. The purpose of the experiment was to establish the influence of the additional level of probiotics on the intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens. Probiotics administration ( Lactobacillus paracasei J.R., Lactobacillus rhamnosus 15b, Lactobacillus lactis y and Lactobacillus lactis FO was made in different combination and at different age of broilers, respectively hatching until 42 days and only in the last week growth. In addition to probiotics, two of the experimental groups used two synthetic aminoacids, namely L threonine and DL methionine, used in excess of the broiler chicken requirements. At the end of the experiment (42 days), caecal content samples were taken. After ...