Campylobacter spp. and their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Poultry: An Epidemiological Survey Study in Turkey (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Prevalence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. From Retail Poultry Meat
2005
Macrolides and fluoroquinolones are regarded as drugs of choice for the treatment of human Campylobacter infections. The use of antimicrobials for this purpose as well as in food animal production has resulted in the resistance of Campylobacter spp. to selected antibiotics. Since poultry is one of the most important sources of human Campylobacter infections the use of antibiotics in animal production can shorten the effective therapeutic life of antibiotics for human use. During 2001-2003, over 220 strains of C. jejuni and C. coli were isolated from 60 poultry meat samples from the retail market in Slovenia and further characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. In this study, 55 sample-representative strains were tested for susceptibility to eight different antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, pefloxacin and tetracycline). Phenotypic procedures (disc diffusion test, E-test) as well as molecular detection of mutations (mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)) in case of ciprofloxacin resistance were used. When assuming the results about antibiotic resistance, only 38.2 % of strains tested were susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Regarding ciprofloxacin, 58.2 % of tested strains were found to be resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC>4 mg/mL). The occurrence of resistance was much higher in C. coli (75.9 %) than in C. jejuni (38.5 %) isolates. The resistance rates to pefloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin and tetracycline were 58.2, 49.1, 14.5 and 12.7 %, respectively. Eleven percent of strains were resistant to erythromycin and ciprofloxacin and 12.7 % of strains were resistant to tetracycline and quinolones. The results show the need for monitoring the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of zoonotic bacteria such as Campylobacter as well as the multiresistance phenomenon of Campylobacter isolates from food in our country.
2015
The aim of this study was to determine the resistance profile of 24 Campylobacter jejuni and 16 Campylobacter coli isolates from chickens in a diagnostic laboratory in Nigeria. Susceptibility testing was done by a broth microdilution MIC method with MICRONAUT – S anaerob test plates (Merlin Diagnostika, GmbH, Germany). MIC assay was performed according to CLSI (formally NCCLS) methods. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (57.5%) was the highest, followed by nalidixic acid (47%), tetracycline (35%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (22%). Campylobacter jejuni were more resistant than Campylobacter coli to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole while Campylobacter coli were more resistant than Campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin and streptomycin. 47.5% of the isolates were multi - drug resistant with nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin as the most frequently occurring antimicrobial agent in the pattern. This work has shown that majority of the Campylobacter isolates we...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2003
The susceptibilities of 430 Campylobacter jejuni strains and 79 C. coli strains to six antimicrobial agents were tested and analyzed. The two sets of strains originated from retail market chicken and turkey samples and from humans, respectively, in Berlin, Germany. Two groups of isolates, one dating from 1991 and the other dating from 2001-2002, were tested. Of the Campylobacter sp. isolates recovered from humans in 2001-2002, 45.1% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 37.8% were resistant to tetracycline, 12.8% were resistant to ampicillin, and 50.0% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, while the overall rate of resistance to erythromycin was 6.1%. During the 10 years between the two sampling times, the rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin ( P < 0.001), ampicillin ( P = 0.035), and tetracycline ( P = 0.01) increased significantly among strains isolated from humans. Furthermore, among human C. coli strains the rate of resistanc...
Avian Diseases, 2012
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter isolates recovered from turkeys has increased dramatically. Monitoring the progress of this resistance becomes a growing public health issue. The aim of the present study was to provide information of the current status of antibiotic resistance patterns in Campylobacter jejuni from turkeys. Seventy-six C. jejuni isolates were recovered from 67 epidemiologically unrelated meat turkey flocks in different regions of Germany in 2010 and 2011. The isolates were typed by flaA genotyping and were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility against 12 antibiotics by using a broth microdilution test as well as testing the genetic determination of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin resistance. All isolates (n = 76) were sensitive to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. The numbers of isolates that were sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, neomycin, and amoxicillin were 69 (90.8%), 61 (80.2%), 58 (76.4%), and 44 (57.9%), respectively. Only one isolate was sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The emergence of a high resistance rate and multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents were observed. The resistance against sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, naladixic acid, and tetracycline was 58 (76.3%), 58 (76.3%), 53 (69.7%), 51 (67.1%), and 42 (55.3%), respectively. None of the isolates was resistant to all antibiotics. Multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents was found and ranged from 3.9% to 40.8%. Replacement of the Thr-86--&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;Ile in gyrA gene and detection of the tet(O) gene were the main resistance mechanisms for fluoroquinolones and tetracycline, respectively, while the lack of mutation in position 2074 and 2075 on the 23S rRNA gene was responsible for macrolide resistance. The phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles were compatible in the case of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline but were not completely congruent with respect to erythromycin.
Journal of Food Safety, 2010
ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, isolated from slaughtered chickens and human feces, were examined for their susceptibility to six antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim) by broth microdilution, for minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and disc diffusion assays. For the 32 C. jejuni isolates, the highest levels of resistance were to trimethoprim (65.6% of the isolates by broth microdilution and 62.5% by disc diffusion) and cefotaxime (62.5% by both methods). Comparable levels of resistance to these antibiotics were found in the 24 C. coli isolates. Statistically significant differences were found between all C. coli isolates for cefotaxime (P = 0.0043) using disc diffusion. A high proportion of C. jejuni isolates show resistance to nalidixic acid using both the broth microdilution (59.4%) and disc diffusion (56.2%) methods. C. coli strains were resistant to this antibiotic showing proportions of 75% when tested by broth microdilution and 70.8% by disc diffusion.Multidrug resistance was detected in 21.8% and 62.5% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains, respectively, by broth microdilution test and in 28.1% and 75% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains by disc diffusion method. None of the isolates showed the same pattern of multidrug resistance.Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains, isolated from slaughtered chickens and human feces, were examined for their susceptibility to six antibiotics (ampicillin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim) by broth microdilution, for minimum inhibitory concentration determination, and disc diffusion assays. For the 32 C. jejuni isolates, the highest levels of resistance were to trimethoprim (65.6% of the isolates by broth microdilution and 62.5% by disc diffusion) and cefotaxime (62.5% by both methods). Comparable levels of resistance to these antibiotics were found in the 24 C. coli isolates. Statistically significant differences were found between all C. coli isolates for cefotaxime (P = 0.0043) using disc diffusion. A high proportion of C. jejuni isolates show resistance to nalidixic acid using both the broth microdilution (59.4%) and disc diffusion (56.2%) methods. C. coli strains were resistant to this antibiotic showing proportions of 75% when tested by broth microdilution and 70.8% by disc diffusion.Multidrug resistance was detected in 21.8% and 62.5% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains, respectively, by broth microdilution test and in 28.1% and 75% of C. jejuni and C. coli strains by disc diffusion method. None of the isolates showed the same pattern of multidrug resistance.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe massive use of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry for the treatment and prevention of diseases can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria, like Campylobacter. In turn, the consumption of infected food of animal origin may represent a vehicle of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.The aim of this study was to ascertain the antibiotic resistance distributions of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains arising from both animal and human origins, in particular resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human therapies. This can contribute to evaluate the sanitary risks of foods intended for human consumption, especially those of animal source.The massive use of antibiotics in modern animal husbandry for the treatment and prevention of diseases can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in zoonotic bacteria, like Campylobacter. In turn, the consumption of infected food of animal origin may represent a vehicle of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.The aim of this study was to ascertain the antibiotic resistance distributions of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains arising from both animal and human origins, in particular resistance to antibiotics commonly used in human therapies. This can contribute to evaluate the sanitary risks of foods intended for human consumption, especially those of animal source.
Seasonality and antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter in Turkish chicken meat
This study investigated the seasonal prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in 264 samples of chicken meat. The samples encompassed wings (n=88), breasts (n=79) and thighs (n=97) and were purchased from different butcheries and markets in Elazig province, in Eastern Turkey, between December 2009 and November 2010. The meat samples were tested for Campylobacter presence and the collected isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Resistance rates to 7 antimicrobials were investigated by the disk diffusion method. Campylobacter jejuni was found at a higher prevalence (41.7%) than C. coli (14.4%); C. jejuni was isolated most frequently from breast samples (53.2%) than from thighs (40.2%) and wings (32.9%) samples. The prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli peaked during the Summer (June-August), with the highest peak occurring in July (77.3%). The lowest prevalence (30%) was detected in February. The prevalence in the Summer (June‑August) was significantly higher (71.2%) than the one reported during the Winter (December‑February) (39.4%, P < 0.05). The highest resistance rate among C. jejuni isolates was observed to tetracycline (38.2%), nalidixic acid (29.1%), and ciprofloxacin (24.5%). Campylobacter coli also showed a high resistance to these antibiotics, although in slightly different proportions: tetracycline (42.1%), ciprofloxacin (31.6%), and nalidixic acid (26.3%). None of the C. jejuni or C. coli isolates was resistant to gentamicin.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2005
Antimicrobial resistance has emerged among Campylobacter spp. mainly due to use of antimicrobial agents in animal feed. A total of 219 samples containing Campylobacter spp. were detected in our research during the course of 2003/4. The samples, originating from chicken (101) and pigs (118) were tested for their resistance to selected antibiotics. Evaluation of results was carried out using agar dilution method (NCCLS M11-A6) to test the sample resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. The C. jejuni strain from pigs mainly showed a high resistance to tetracycline (39.13%) and erythromycin (34.78%). Approximately a quarter (26.07%) of C. jejuni detected was resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin (26.09%). C. coli isolates from pigs showed simular results to C. jejuni, such as resistance to tetracycline (60.71%) and erythromycin (56.84%). On the other hand, it was found that C. jejuni in pigs had a high resistance to ciprofloxacin (52.63%) and nalidixic acid (34.74%). C. jejuni isolates from chicken samples had the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin (45.21%) and ampicillin (27.40%), and a low resistance to erythromycin (13.70%). A quarter of the samples collected were resistant to nalidixic acid. In comparison of C. jejuni prevalence, resistance to tetracycline (21.92%) was lower in chicken than in pig samples. Similar to results of porcine meat analysis, C. jejuni isolated in chickens showed no resistance to chloramphenicol and a low resistance to gentamicin. C. coli strains found in chickens showed high resistance to nalidixic acid (60.71%) and ciprofloxacin (46.43%). Even though laws prevent the use of antimicrobial material in feed for livestock, their resistance to fluoroquinolone antibiotics is high. Prevention of the use of antimicrobial material in feed is the most precise control in raising livestock. Campylobacteriosis, resistance, antibiotic, treatment Campylobacter spp. was originally found to occur in nutrition-related illnesses. Today illnesses caused by Campylobacter spp. and salmonella presence in food are still very common in developed European countries. Majority of cases of infection in humans are caused by the Campylobacter spp. strain C. jejuni and in some cases C. coli (Steinahuserová and Nebola 2002). Campylobacter spp. can be present in the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals without evoking clinical symptoms of disease in them. Young or immunodeficient animals can develop a gastrointestinal type illness if infected with C. jejuni. Commonly, carriers of C. jejuni are previously exposed to free range birds or chickens. Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken and turkey is estimated at 60-80%, but according to some authors, occurrence in some populations has been found to be as high as 100%. Campylobacter spp. in pigs is also relatively frequent, although C. coli is the most commonly isolated strain. Occurrence in other farm animals such as sheep and cattle is also not uncommon. Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. depends on hygienic conditions and the manner in which the animals are bred (Moore at al. 2002). Animal preparation packages containing antibiotics were distributed throughout farm
Journal of Food Protection, 2007
The development of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli is a matter of increasing concern. Because campylobacteriosis is transmitted to humans usually via food of animal origin, the presence of antimicrobialresistant campylobacters in broiler chickens has important public health implications. The aim of our study was to analyze resistance patterns of C. jejuni isolated from fecal samples collected at a large Estonian chicken farm, from cecal contents collected at slaughterhouses, and from meat samples collected at the retail establishments in 2005 and 2006. A total of 131 C. jejuni isolates were collected over a 13-month period and tested by the broth microdilution VetMIC method (National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden) to determine the MICs of various antimicrobials. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials was detected in 104 (79.4%) of the 131 isolates. High proportions of the isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin (73.3%) and nalidixic acid (75.6%). Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more unrelated antimicrobials) was detected in 36 isolates (27.5%), all of which were resistant to enrofloxacin. Multidrug resistance was significantly associated with enrofloxacin resistance (P Ͻ 0.01), and the use of enrofloxacin may select for multiresistant strains.
Pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni isolates of human and poultry origin
Japanese journal of infectious diseases, 2007
Campylobacter jejuni antibiotic resistance is rising with a variable geographical pattern; but there is limited data from the Arabian Gulf region. We assessed the sensitivity of human (117) and chicken (33) C. jejuni isolates to erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by agar dilution, disc diffusion and the E test. Only 2 human isolates were resistant to erythromycin. In contrast, over 80% of chicken and human isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. A significantly higher proportion of chicken isolates than human isolates were resistant to tetracycline, with much higher MIC(50) values (P < 0.001). The MIC(90) for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by agar dilution was 40 microg/ml. Comparison of the results of the agar dilution method and E test showed 1 major disagreement and 8 minor disagreements for erythromycin, 4 major disagreements for ciprofloxacin and 23 disagreements for tetracycline (19 were major disagreements). This was the first stud...