Risk factors and pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (original) (raw)

Assessment of Risk Factors against Severity of COPD in Non-Smokers

JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in non-smokers has been an important concern in past decade. We studied the risk factors responsible for more severe Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Identifying them would help to work against progression to more severe disease as well as prevention. A prospective cross sectional study was done in outpatient clinic of Jinnah postgraduate medical center from December 2010 to December 2011. All patients fulfilling the criteria for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were taken in study. Patients with less than five pack years smoking with other risk factors for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were evaluated. Out of total 90 patients, 74 (82.2%) had mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 16 (17.7%) had moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients with single biomass exposure were found to have mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease except those having mosquito coil exposure. Patients with mosquito co...

Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Health effects of air pollution

Respirology, 2006

Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Health effects of air pollution VIEGI G, MAIO S, BALDACCI S. Respirology 2006; 11: 523-532 Abstract: COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized and the developing countries. According to the prediction of the World Health Organization, COPD will become the third leading cause of mortality and the fifth cause of disability in 2020 worldwide. In epi- demiology, distinct phenotypic entities converge on the term COPD, so that prevalence and mortal- ity data may be inclusive of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma; moreover, the assessment of prevalence rates may change considerably according to the diagnostic tools used. Thus, a consid- erable problem is to estimate the real prevalence of COPD in the general population. COPD is deter- mined by the action of a number of various risk factors, among which, the most important is cigarette smoking. However, during the last few decades, evidence...

Association of Smoking Status with COPD in North Indian Population

Background-The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic inflammatory disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Smoking is the major risk factor in COPD. Smoking damages the air sacs, airway and the lining of the lungs and due to this lung have trouble moving enough air in and out making hard to breathe. Smoking may act as a trigger factor for many people who have COPD and can either cause an exacerbation or flare-up of symptoms. The present study aims to determine the association of smoking status with different stages of COPD and clinical symptoms in a North Indian population. Methods-The present study was conducted on 160 stable COPD patients in the department of Respiratory Medicine, King George Medical University, Lucknow. Results-Out of 160 patients enrolled there were 41.8% smokers, 24.3% non-smokers, and 33.7% ex-smokers. The present study found a significant association (p<0.02) of smoking status with different stages of COPD, although non-significant association (p=0.96) was observed between smoking status and clinical symptoms. Conclusion-The significant association of smoking status was observed with different stages of COPD while the non-significant association was observed with clinical symptoms in the present study in north Indian population. Smoking cessation will be helpful in reducing the progression and management of this disease in smokers.