Education Policy Research Series Discussion Document No. 4 Financing of Secondary Education in the Asia-Pacific Region (original) (raw)
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has been extremely helpful in all stages o f the work as a team leader, as a professional colleague, and above a lia s a friend. I appreciate all the help and support he provided to me in the smooth conduct o f the study. I have enjoyed working with him in the project and with other members o f the team, Michael Ratcliffe, Nick Bricknell, Howard Thomas, M.M. Malhotra and Edward Fisk. Duggan and Bricknell have also kindly gone through an earlier version o f the study, and ^e c te d several editorial improvements. Laila Lalita Hirani has very cheerfully lent her skills in making graphics and thereby improved the presentation o f the report. Janene Parsons, Som Sophatra and Nou Soknavy provided able office assistance even under pressing conditions. Jandhyala Tilak: FINANCING EDUCATION IN CAMBODIA Ouk Sophea, Phon Tara, and Sam Sereyrath have served as research assistants in the conduct o f the household survey under the personal supervision o f Stephen Duggan'and myself besides serving as interpreters. The villagers/residents o f Phnom Penh, Kandal, Takeo, Preah Veng and Siem Reap provinces have enthusiastically provided the required information. The Documentation Centre o f the Ministry o f Education, Youth and Sports and the Resource Centre o f the Cooperation Committee fo r Cambodia (CCC) have been quite useful. I appreciate the help and assistance provided by the staff o f these two centres. The help and material provided by, and the discussions with, Vin McNamara, Gordon Hunting, Wang Yibing, Antoine Schwartz, Ann Dykstra, Tejaswi Raparla and Brahm Prakash are also appreciated. A special word o f thanks is due to Robert Dawson o f the Asian Development Bank, and to Peter Maccoll fo r the Queensland Education Consortium fo r the trust they placed in me to conduct the study in such a short time in challenging conditions.
1972
The retrospective case study presented is part of a research project undertaken to determine ways in which developing nations can best allocate resources to education in light of their social and economic levels. Past socioeconomic trends in Sri Lanka and its economy in the 1970's are considered first. The case study then moves into descriptions of the educational system of Sri Lanka in the 1960's, the new educational system of the 1970's, and estimates of the cost and financing of education in the 1970's. Since the government of Sri Lanka has already formulated an educational plan and made budget forecasts for education to 1980, the author attempts to discover if the financing forecasts were consistent with the new policy officially defined. He also analyzes the various alternatives calculated either to provide new resources or reduce expenditures if the financial requirements forecast turns out to be too low. The appendixes contain useful statistical data on education in and the economy of Sri Lanka. (Author/DN) Aims and methodology of the development of the economy and of the finances of the state, and the level and various alternative forms for the possible development of educational systems. These studies will thus cover the whole field of educational financing, costs, and policies in each country concerned. 2. Specific case studies covering, first, the different possible methods of financing (centralised, decentralised, public, private, etc.) and, especially, original ways of raising supplementary resources, and, secondly, the study of new educational solutions calculated to reduce costs. These studies are being carried out in Member States by the IIEP in close collaboration with national specialists, either from government departments or from universities; in many cases the research is a concerted effort by the IIEP and the country concerned, for the common benefit of both parties and of the international community as a whole. This project will continue until 1973, and will culminate in a synthesis raport summing up the findings relating to all the problems posed. A number of the studies have already been completed, however, and instead of presenting them in .a single volume it has been decided to publish them as single monographs in a new collection, Financing educational systems, comprising two series, one of country case studies and one of specific case studies. The synthesis report will be published early in 1974. The financial outlay for the implementation of this ambitious project could not be provided from Unesco's basic grant to the Institute. The IIEP is deeply grateful to the Member States and various organisations who, by their voluntary contributions, have enabled it to launch and pursue this research: in particular to SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority), NORAD (Norwegian Agency for International Development), DANIDA (Danish International Development Agency), CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency), the Republic of Ireland, and the Ford Foundation. The Institute is also deeply indebted to the Member States and national specialists in various parts of the world who have agreed to cooperate with the IIEP in carrying out these studies. The publication by the [[EP of certain studies by outside consultants does not necessarily imply, however, the Institute's agreement with all the opinions expressed in them. 1. Population over the age of 5. 2. Tables 9 and 10 in Appendix II (page 147). have seen, at present unemployed. Let us hope, with Jacques Hallak, that a selective policy for public finance combined with a strict commercial policy during the course of the 1972-76 ;C Preface plan will ensure the basis of Sri Larka's long-term growth. In the immediate future, all decisions on educational poacy must be made within this context. The IIEP is grateful to the Sri Lanka authorities and national specialists for the extremely active help they were kind enough to extend to the author in the preparation of this work.
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