Blood leukocyte profile in different phases of menstrual cycle (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of immune status of young female during different phases of menstrual cycle
National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2015
Back ground: Menstruation is characterized by monthly rhythmical changes in the rates of secretion of the female sex hormones and corresponding physical changes in the ovaries and other sexual organs. There are three phases of menstrual cycle namely, menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretary phase. There occur fluctuations in the levels of sex steroid hormones across different phases of menstrual cycle. Aims and objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the immune response of healthy female students of first-year MBBS (n = 40) in the age group of 18-25 years with regular menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: The parameters analyzed were total leukocyte count (TLC); absolute eosinophil count (AEC); and differential leukocyte count (DLC) of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, and basophils. The data collected were statistically analyzed. Result: There was significant increase in TLC during menstrual and secretary phase of menstrual cycle. No significant difference was observed in AEC during different phases of menstrual cycle. In DLC, there was a significant increase in the neutrophil percentage during secretary phase. Lymphocyte count increased during proliferative and secretary phase but it is not statistically significant. No significant difference was observed in monocyte and eosinophil count. Conclusion: This study shows normal variation in the leucocyte count during different phases of menstrual cycle that may help in understanding various disorders.
A study on influence of different phases of menstrual cycle on hematological parameters
Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Menstruation is the most common phenomenon observed in fertile women. Menstrual cycle (MC) is of 3 phases: proliferative phase, secretory phase and menstruation phase. It is controlled by endocrine system. Natural fluctuations in sex steroid hormones during MC causes changes in hematological parameters. The aim of the present study to assess the impact of different phases of MC on hematological parameters. The study was conducted in KIMS, Hubli, from 01st March 2011 to 31st March 2012. Women aged between 20-30 years with regular menstrual cycle of 27-30 days were included in the study. During each visit, the subjects’ blood was collected and analyzed using KX-21 SYSMEX for various hematological parameters. A total of 50 healthy young women were included in the study. On statistical comparing of hematological parameters, hematocrit, hemoglobin, neutrophil count and eosinophil count showed a significant difference while no statistically significant difference was observed in RBC, leuc...
Menstrual blood contains immune cells with inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties
The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research, 2015
Successful pregnancy requires balanced regulation of immune cells at the feto-maternal interface. Systemic monitoring of the immune system cannot precisely outline local immune status in the uterus. In this survey, endometrial immune milieu was investigated using a non-invasive method of analysis of menstrual blood (MB). The results were compared with peripheral blood (PB). PB and MB of healthy fertile women (n = 15) were collected simultaneously on the second day of their menstrual cycle. T and natural killer T cell subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Among examined cell populations, the frequency of CD4 + Foxp3+, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25-, CD4 + Foxp3 + CD25+ and IL17+ T cells (P = 0.022, 0.028, 0.017 and 0.005, respectively) and TCRαβ+, CD45RO+, CD16-, IFNγ + and IL17+ NKT (CD56 + CD3+) cells (P = 0.010, 0.037, 0.038, 0.015 and 0.021, respectively) were significantly higher in MB compared with PB. Conversely, PB contained a higher percentage of CD16+ T cells (P = 0....
Fluctuation of Peripheral Blood T, B, and NK Cells during a Menstrual Cycle of Normal Healthy Women
The Journal of Immunology, 2010
Cyclical hormonal changes during an ovarian cycle may affect immune responses, which is crucial for the embryonic implantation. We aim to investigate whether the levels and activity of T, B, and NK cells change during a menstrual cycle. Twenty-two normally cycling women were enrolled and peripheral blood was drawn serially during a menstrual cycle. Intracellular cytokine expression of CD3 + CD4 + and CD3 + CD8 + cells, and Th1/Th2 cytokine-producing T cell ratios were determined using flow cytometric analysis. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by flow cytometric analysis at E:T ratios of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 and also using LU at 20%. Proportions (percentage) of CD3 + (p = 0.046) and CD3 + CD4 + (p = 0.002) T cells were increased in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. The levels of CD3 2 CD56 + (p = 0.010) and CD3 2 CD56 dim (p = 0.012) NK cells and NK cytotoxicity at E:T ratio of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 and LU at 20% were significantly increased in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. Even though IL-10producing CD3 + CD4 + T cells were significantly lower in the midluteal phase as compared with the early follicular phase, proportions of CD19 + B cells, CD3 + CD56 + NKT cells, Th1 cytokine-producing T cell subsets, and ratios of Th1/Th2 cytokine-producing T cells were not significantly changed during a menstrual cycle. We conclude that peripheral blood NK and T cell levels as well as NK cytotoxicity are changed during a menstrual cycle. Neuroendocrine regulation on immune responses is suggested during an ovarian cycle, which may be critical for embryonic implantation and pregnancy.
Hematological modulation in different phases of menstrual cycle
Background: Menstruation is a phenomenon unique to females and nearly universal experience in women's lives and is poorly understood .It is characterized by co-ordinated sequence of hormonal changes but the changes occur in haemotological parameters, have not been clearly established. Objective: To compare haematological parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2019
BACKGROUND Menstrual cycle is a physiological state which is associated with numerous changes affecting the hormone levels. The blood counts change especially the leucocyte count and the platelet count, which may give an insight into the immunological status and the haemostatic changes during the different phases of the menstrual cycle. MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 women in the age group of 18-22 year were selected. Total leucocyte count is done by using Turks fluid and Neubauer's Chamber and a compound microscope. Platelet count is done by using Reese-Ecker method. Counts were done during proliferative, secretory and menstrual phases. RESULTS In the present study, the total leucocyte count and platelet count were studied during the menstrual phase, proliferative and secretory phases in 100 subjects in the age group 18-22 years. The results are as follows: The mean age of the subject ± SEM is 18.65 ± 0.106 years. The TLC mean + SEM in menstrual phase is 8387 ± 137.51/cumm, in the proliferative phase, it is 5439.4 ± 78.87/cumm and in the secretory phase it is 5752.34±83.54/cumm. There is a mild increase in the TLC from the proliferative to secretory phase, which grossly increases by the onset of menstruation. The p value is <0.05 which shows that the changes are significant. The mean of the platelet count ± SEM in the proliferative phase is 3.12 ± 0.070 lakhs/cumm, in the secretory phase it is 2.97 ± 0.71 lakhs/cumm and in the menstrual phase it is 2.97±0.72 lakhs/cumm. CONCLUSION The leucocyte count is low during proliferative phase and increases to the maximum in the menstrual phase. The platelet count is high in the proliferative phase and gradually decreases to the lowest values in the menstrual phase.
Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2001
nnnn The aim of this study was to look at the possible changes in the blood levels of Interleukin 2 (IL2) during the sexual cycle in generally healthy, young, regularly menstruating women. The concentrations of progesterone and 17b-estradiol were measured using radioimmunological assay. The bioactivity of interleukin 2 was measured using a biological test on the IL2-sensitive CTLL cell line. The percentage of lymphocytes with intracellular IL2 was determined by flow cytometry. Eighteen healthy volunteers (19 ± 29 years old) were examined on days 5, 8, 14, 18 and 25 of the same cycle. All women were characterised by a regular menstrual cycle as per physiological levels of 17b-estradiol and progesterone. The luteal phase of the cycle was characterised by both a decrease of IL2 blood levels and a decrease in the percentage of intracellular IL2-containing lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. The IL2 level fluctuations observed during the menstrual cycle may be one factor causing pre-menstrual infections observed in young women. On the other hand, the decrease of IL2 may be seen as a start of the immune suppression necessary for an embryos nidation.
Menstrual Cycle: Evaluation of Hematological Changes
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.7\_Issue.9\_Sep2017/IJHSR\_Abstract.028.html, 2017
Introduction: Literature suggests that menstrual cycle is associated with inflammatory process and with complete blood count (CBC) and hemostatic changes.The aim of this study was to investigate whether CBC, surface platelet markers, platelets-leukocytes aggregates (PLA) and plasma levels of D-Di, PAI-1 and FVIII are able to clarify the hematological changes during menstruation and in the middle day of the menstrual cycle, as well as the influences of the use of combined oral contraceptives (OC) and the age of the woman on this process. Methods: 46 women were evaluated, including young non-combined OC users (Young = 16), young combined OC-users (Young-OC = 20) and >42 years-old non-combined OC users (Woman = 10). CBC was carried out semi-automatically, surface platelet markers and PLA were analyzed by flow cytometry and coagulation and fibrinolysis markers by ELISA. Results: Neutrophil count, platelet activation and plasma levels of D-Di have variation depending on the menstrual cycle. Neutrophil count, platelet activation, PLA, plasma levels of D-Di, and PAI-1 are influenced by the use of combined OC. Platelet count and PAI-1 serum levels are influenced by age of the woman. There are positive correlations among platelet count, platelet surface markers, PLA, coagulation cascade and fibrinolysis whose intensity depends on menstrual cycle phase, combined OC use and woman's age. Conclusions: Menstrual cycle was associated to modifications in hematological components due to hormonal participation. OC use and age seem to be associated to hypercoagulable status.
Human Reproduction, 1996
The purpose of this investigation was to localize and characterize white blood cell populations in the human ovary through its physiological life cycle. Ovaries from 30 women of reproductive age and from three post-menopausal women were embedded in paraffin or frozen. Clinical information and pathology review were used to obtain accurate menstrual cycle information and to ensure the absence of ovarian disease. Tissue sections were stained for leukocyte phenotypes and the numbers of white blood cells in the ovary were semiquantitatively assessed by two separate examiners using a 0-3 plus ( + ) scoring system. Our results demonstrated that macrophages and T lymphocytes were the primary immune cells of the ovary, the concentrations of which were dependent on the location and stage of development of the structures containing leukocytes. Developing follicles contained few (+) macrophages located in the theca, while atretic follicles possessed moderate (+ +) numbers in the granulosa and few ( + ) to moderate (+ +) numbers in the theca. Newly formed corpora lutea contained few ( + ) macrophages, while regressing corpora lutea contained abundant (+ + +) numbers. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR positive cells were located predominantly at sites where macrophages were present T lymphocytes were generally not present in the developing follicle but focal, small (+) numbers were observed in blood vessels of the theca. Atretic follicles contained few ( + ) T lymphocytes hi the granulosa and few ( + ) to moderate (+ +) numbers hi the theca. Few (+ ) T lymphocytes were present in new corpora lutea, while moderate (+ +) to abundant (+ + +) numbers were present hi regressing corpora lutea. T lymphocytes at all sites were UCHL1 positive. The CD4 (T helper) to CD8 (T suppressor) ratio in the corpus lutenm was 1:1. B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells were generally absent hi the pre-menopausal ovary. The post-menopausal ovary, hi contrast, only contained few ( + ) macrophages, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells hi the stroma. In conclusion, our results indicate that the human ovary is 790 an immunologically dynamic tissue containing activated macrophages and T lymphocytes which provide an anatomical basis for immunoendocrine interactions within the ovary.