L’institutionnalisation du sport au Québec de 1900 à 1967. Modification (original) (raw)
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STADION. Internationale Zeitschrift für Geschichte des Sports, 2017
Abstract This paper examines the long and successful sporting career of Ruth Caro (1916-2009). Since her childhood, Caro was an athletically gifted girl who developed into a brilliant schoolgirl competitor during the last years of the Weimar Republic. After the National-Socialist takeover (1933), she became one of the standout figures on the ghettoized German-Jewish sport scene, as well as a successful contestant in Great Britain. Following her flight from Germany, high-level sporting accomplishments ensued in Argentina. The mid-1940s found her as a basketball player who had the honor of being named Argentina’s national team captain. Caro broke tremendous barriers and left an indelible mark wherever she competed. Her individual story leads to a better understanding of the path toward wider acceptance and development of the human right to sport in different parts of the world.
Gouren, or Breton wrestling, assumed the traits of a competitive and institutionalised sport during the last century. Even now, it is considered as a "traditional" and authentic Breton activity, clearly different from other wrestling activities, and strictly linked to the most emblematic features of what is considered as the Breton culture and "character". From an anthropological point of view, this essay analyses the social and cultural aspects of such practice. Through the "thick description" of an important Breton wrestling tournament, it shows how gouren promotes specific values, defining a particular "sporting culture". Referring to the Celtic heritage of both Breton wrestling and Breton people, in fact, gouren gives to present practitioners a way to perform (and to belong to) Breton identity, in the context of contemporary France. At the same time, Breton wrestlers actively shape, embody, and transmit such specificity, by adhering to an equally specific idea of wrestling. Therefore, in the regulated and ritualised context of gouren, they also redefine the social representations of the physical confrontation between (wo)men, as well as of some fundamental cultural values implicitly or explicitly linked to it, like violence, competitiveness, strength, gender representations, physical contact and touch.
Avery Brundage und der Mythos vom „unpolitischen Sport“ : eine ideengeschichtliche Spurensuche
2015
At least in Germany the idea of an “apolitical sport” was popular for many years after World War Two due to the heavy inroad by the National Socialists during the “Third Reich”. In the 21st Century not only journalists, but also more and more academics as well as sport functionaries acknowledge that Sport and Politics are intertwined. This connection, however, is not only postulated for the present but for the past, too. During the interwar period the thought of sport and politics existing in two separated worlds gained international acceptance. Thus, the question arises how this discourse about an “apolitical sport” started in the first place. Not before the end of the Brundage era, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) – or at least some of its members – took a different stance on this matter. Until than, the IOC asked on the one hand for governmental support to secure the Olympic Games financially, but on the other it rejected all attempts by politicians to interfere in Olympic issues. This paper aims to shed light on this obvious inconsistency by clarifying what the actors understood by “sport” and “politics”. Different definitions and blindfold replication of the credo that “sport and politics don’t mix” have surely played their part in creating a myth. But this credo was also exploited in order to secure the IOC’s autonomy which shall be illustrated through speeches by former IOC president Avery Brundage.
Sport-Classics (Oxford Bibliographies Online)
http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195389661/obo-9780195389661-0118.xml
Sport was practiced in ancient Greece since at least the Bronze Age; however, athletic activities are not extensively documented before the Archaic period. In the Homeric epics, competition in a number of events (including running, discus, jumping, and chariot racing) is presented primarily as an elite activity that is integrated in the network of the Homeric aristocratic ethos of masculine valor and peer interaction. Archaeological, literary, and epigraphic evidence unequivocally suggests the rapid growth and popularity of competitive sport in the centuries that followed. By the mid-6th century BCE the periodos circuit of Panhellenic athletic games, which were integrated in the celebration of major religious festivals in interstate sanctuaries, was firmly established. City-states almost invariably hosted their own athletic competitions. At the same time, a culture of athletic training in the gymnasia of Greek communities emerged and flourished. Such training was conducted as part of preparation for competitions or in the context of a regime of intellectual and military education of youths, or both. The model outlined above (competitive athletics in Panhellenic and local festivals; gymnasium-centered physical training) was largely adopted by cities in the eastern Mediterranean region following the conquests of Alexander the Great and the creation of Hellenistic empires, and it remained the order of the day in much of the Romancontrolled, Greek-speaking East. As far as the Roman world is concerned, there is some evidence for the relative popularity of Greekstyle athletics in Archaic Etruria. Moreover, there were some attempts to establish Greek-style agones in the city of Rome and other parts of the Roman state. But ultimately, the sporting preferences of the Romans as well as of the inhabitants of most of the Romancontrolled West lay in arena spectacles and chariot racing in the hippodrome. Arena spectacles eventually spread in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire as well and coexisted with traditional Greek athletic competitions and the gymnasium culture. The bibliography that follows covers all major aspect of Greek-style competitive and civic athletics from the Bronze Age to late Antiquity. For Roman sports, it focuses on chariot racing. It should be noted that Roman chariot racing was in many respects distinctively different from the equestrian competitions conducted in Greek agones. This article also discusses Greek-style athletics conducted in Rome and the Roman provinces. Arena spectacles such as gladiatorial shows and beast hunts are treated in a separate Oxford Bibliographies article.Preference has been given to more recent titles that contain up-to-date references to primary sources and modern literature, but older and still fundamental items are also duly noted.
Tennis als Leistungssport in der DDR
Often, historians have neglected those sports which were marked as "Sport 2" by the East German Politbüro's resolution in 1969. After the Reunification of Germany in 1990 there were, however, some tennis players from East Germany who, with their success in European senior competitions, showed that East German tennis must have had a certain standard in former times. On the basis of material from Germany's federal archive, the Stiftung Archiv für Parteien- und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv, supplemented by interviews with those successful players, this article seeks to illustrate the few opportunities the federation and the players had for the development of their sport in the 1950s and 1960s. The international work of the East German Tennis Federation and the participation of East German players at tournaments in foreign countries is of special interest here. After a short period of state promotion, the continuous decline of the Zinnowitz "international" tennis tournament gives one such example of the fate of this sport in the former East Germany.
Toward a theory of Olympic internationalism
Journal of Sport History, 1995
Well, all right then, let's talk about the Chairman of the World. The world gets into a lot of trouble because it has no chairman. I would like to be Chairman of the World myself. EB White, Stuart Little (1945) ... But when it comes to our age, we must have an automatic theoc-racy to ...