Indirect determination of maximal aerobic power output during work with one or two limbs (original) (raw)
Related papers
2010
Objectives: To determine the power-duration relationship in upper limb exercises and to investigate the relationships between parameters derived from this function with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness. Methods: Ten healthy men (26.2±2.3 years, 75.0±11.8 kg, 178.2±11.5 cm and 15.0±5.7% body fat) performed a ramped test on an arm cycle ergometer with increments of 20 W/min. Subsequently, five tests with constant load were performed until exhaustion, with 70, 80, 90, 95 and 100% difference between VT1 and VO 2 peak. The critical power (CP) was obtained by means of linearization of the power-duration function. Results: The power-duration relationship was described using an adjusted function (r=0.98±0.02). The VO 2 at CP (2.66±0.62 l/min) was higher than VT1 (1.62±0.38 l/min) and VT2 (2.36±0.59 l/min), but lower than VO 2 peak (3.06±0.62 l/min). The CP workload (103.0±26 W) was significantly different from VT1 (69.5±21 W) and VO 2 peak workloads (151.0±26.3), but was no different of VT2 (103.5±30.8 W). The association between critical power and aerobic condition indexes were always significant when expressed as VO 2 (0.73 to 0.78, p<0.05) and in W (0.83 to 0.91, p<0.05). Determination of CP in upper-limb dynamic exercises is simple and inexpensive, and can be used by physical therapists for prescribing and evaluating upper-limb training programs. Conclusions: The power-duration relationship in upper-limb exercises can be described by a hyperbolic function and it is associated with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness.
The aim of this work was to verify the hypothesis that the lowering of the pedalling rate (elicited by the increase of the exterior load) during maximal efforts performed with identical work amount causes the growth of the generated power (until the maximal values are reached) and next its fall and does not influence the gross and net mechanical efficiency changes. The above experiment was conducted with 13 untrained students who performed 5 maximal efforts with the same work amount. The first was the 30 s maximal effort (Wingate test) with the load equal 7.5% of the body weight (BW). The amount of work performed in this test was accepted as the model value for following tests to achieve. Every 3 days, each examined had next trials consisting of maximal efforts on the cycle ergometer with loads of: 2.5, 5, 10, 12.5% BW and lasting until the value of power reached in the 30 s Wingate test occurred. Changing of the external load elicited various pedalling velocity. The force-velocity (F-v) and power-velocity (P-v) dependence was calculated for every examined subject basing on the results of performed maximal efforts. The maximal power (P max ) and optimal velocity (v o ) were calculated basing on the P-v relationship depicted with the second order polynomial equation. The gas analyser (SensorMedics) equipped with the 2900/2900c Metabolic Measurements Cart/System software was used as for the oxygen output measuring during maximal efforts performance and in the resting phase. The ventilation and gas variable changes were monitored breath-by-breath in the open ventilation system. The POLAR-SportTester was used for the heart retraction (HR) measurement during both: efforts and resting. The capillary blood was taken from the fingertip before the test and: immediately after it, every 2 min for the first 10 min of the rest and in the 20 th min of resting. The blood was used for the acid-base balance determination with the use of the blood gas analyser -Ciba-Corning 248. The average pedalling rate decreased during effort from 151.5 rpm to 80 rpm and the power grew from 293.5 W to 761 W along with the increase of the load from 2.5% to 12.5% BW. Powers varied among specific trials with the Biol.Sport 22(1), 2005 36
Determination of the power-duration relationship in upper-limb exercises
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2010
Objectives: To determine the power-duration relationship in upper limb exercises and to investigate the relationships between parameters derived from this function with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness. Methods: Ten healthy men (26.2±2.3 years, 75.0±11.8 kg, 178.2±11.5 cm and 15.0±5.7% body fat) performed a ramped test on an arm cycle ergometer with increments of 20 W/min. Subsequently, five tests with constant load were performed until exhaustion, with 70, 80, 90, 95 and 100% difference between VT1 and VO 2 peak. The critical power (CP) was obtained by means of linearization of the power-duration function. Results: The power-duration relationship was described using an adjusted function (r=0.98±0.02). The VO 2 at CP (2.66±0.62 l/min) was higher than VT1 (1.62±0.38 l/min) and VT2 (2.36±0.59 l/min), but lower than VO 2 peak (3.06±0.62 l/min). The CP workload (103.0±26 W) was significantly different from VT1 (69.5±21 W) and VO 2 peak workloads (151.0±26.3), but was no different of VT2 (103.5±30.8 W). The association between critical power and aerobic condition indexes were always significant when expressed as VO 2 (0.73 to 0.78, p<0.05) and in W (0.83 to 0.91, p<0.05). Determination of CP in upper-limb dynamic exercises is simple and inexpensive, and can be used by physical therapists for prescribing and evaluating upper-limb training programs. Conclusions: The power-duration relationship in upper-limb exercises can be described by a hyperbolic function and it is associated with physiological indicators of aerobic fitness.
International journal of rehabilitation research. Internationale Zeitschrift für Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de réadaptation, 2015
The combined arm-leg (Cruiser) ergometer is assumed to be a relevant testing and training instrument in the rehabilitation of patients with a lower limb amputation. The efficiency and submaximal strain have not been established and thus cannot be compared with alternative common modes of exercise. A total of 22 healthy able-bodied men (n=10) and women (n=12) were enrolled in four discontinuous submaximal graded exercise tests. Each test consisted of seven bouts of 3 min exercise ranging from 20 to 45 W and was performed on, respectively, the Cruiser ergometer, a bicycle ergometer, a handbike, and again the Cruiser ergometer. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured and rate of perceived exertion was determined. Gross mechanical efficiency (GE) was determined from power output and submaximal steady-state energy cost. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (P<0.05) was used to evaluate the effects of exercise mode, exercise intensity, and sex. No differences in GE and cardiorespi...
2008
Purpose.-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of VO 2 during unloaded arm cranking and leg cycling exercises to respectively relevant upper and lower limbs anthropometrical characteristics. Method.-Fifteen males completed a 5-min unloaded bout on an arm crank ergometer (60 rpm) and a cycle ergometer (90 rpm). VO 2 corresponding to each unloaded exercise (VO 2 unload), body mass, lengths, and circumferences of upper and lower limbs were measured. Results.-Upper limbs cranking showed a significantly lower (P < 0.001) VO 2 unload than lower limbs cycling (499.0 ± 56.5 and 981.6 ± 126.0 ml min −1). Moreover, upper and lower limbs VO 2 unload values were significantly and positively correlated with circumferences, and length of upper and lower limbs, respectively, with highest correlations obtained between circumferences and VO 2 unload. The amount of VO 2 unload is then principally dependent (i) on the inertia of the limbs, which increased with the circumference of the limb and (ii) on the arm level, which increased with the length of the limb. On the other hand, body mass was not or less correlated with VO 2 unload. This result could be explained by the specificity of the unloaded exercise since only the limb muscles were activated, the entire body mass not being representative of the muscle mass activated.
Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 2022
Preliminary VO2max verification testing allows to examine the reproducibility of comparable tests in the same participants and helps to verify whether neuromuscular performance is associated with VO2max during different testing conditions. The main purpose of this study was to compare VO2max values obtained using a graded treadmill and cycling protocols and to verify whether the results are also reproducible during the constant time to exhaustion testing protocols. The second rationale of the study was to characterize the contributions of hip and knee muscle strength during four different testing conditions, and to determine how these quantities change when altering the modality of exercise for a given exercise intensity. A repeated measures study design was used. A total of 20 healthy male participants (21.20±2.17 years) underwent preliminary VO2max testing sessions on treadmill and cycling ergometers with 24-h intervals. Isokinetic strength performance of hip and knee muscles was tested at 60 o /sec angular velocity. A paired and independent-sample t-test was performed for inter-group and intra-group comparisons. Linear regression was applied to determine the percentage of variation in VO2max testing outputs during either testing modality explained by hip and knee muscle strength parameters. Lower extremity strength characteristics of hip and knee were symmetric between the dominant and nondominant limb (p>0.05). VO2max and blood lactate concentration were significantly greater during constant testing protocols for either testing modalities (p<0.001). Hip muscle strength performance explained a greater variation in VO2max parameters during incremental (cycling r 2 = 0.25, running r 2 = 0.24) and constant (cycling r 2 = 0.35, running r 2 = 0.33) testing protocols for either testing modality compared to the contribution of knee muscle strength performance on VO2max parameters during incremental (cycling r 2 = 0.17, running r 2 = 0.17) and constant (cycling r 2 = 0.23, running r 2 = 0.18) testing protocols. The local muscular performance of the hip and knee muscles were strongly related with the changes in running and cycling mechanics and hip muscles had a greater contribution to the VO2max performance during constant protocols than knee muscles. In conclusion, the extent to which contribution of lower extremity muscles during VO2max testing relies more on the mode of the exercise rather than the type of the testing modality.
Power output and work in different muscle groups during ergometer cycling
European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 1986
The aim of this study was to calculate the magnitude of the instantaneous muscular power output at the hip, knee and ankle joints during ergometer cycling. Six healthy subjects pedalled a weight-braked bicycle ergometer at 120 watts (W) and 60 revolutions per minute (rpm). The subjects were filmed with a cine camera, and pedal reaction forces were recorded from a force transducer mounted in the pedal. The muscular work at the hip, knee and ankle joint was calculated using a model based upon dynamic mechanics described elsewhere. The mean peak concentric power output was, for the hip extensors, 74.4 W, hip flexors, 18.0 W, knee extensors, 110.1 W, knee flexors, 30.0 W and ankle plantar flexors, 59.4 W. At the ankle joint, energy absorption through eccentric plantar flexor action was observed, with a mean peak power of 11.4 W and negative work of 3.4 J for each limb and complete pedal revolution. The energy production relationships between the different major muscle groups were computed and the contributions to the total positive work were: hip extensors, 27%; hip flexors, 4%; knee extensors, 39%; knee flexors, 10%; and ankle plantar flexors 20%.
Considerations in the use of high intensity leg cycle ergometry as a test of muscular performance
Research in sports medicine (Print)
High intensity leg cycle ergometry is a widely used method of measuring muscular performance during maximal exercise. Until recently, it was deemed to be a predominantly lower body activity; however, there is now evidence to suggest that the upper body could be making a significant contribution to power output, as demonstrated by the intense electrical activity of the forearm musculature. As high intensity cycle ergometry often is used to measure performance in untrained cyclists it is important they are given at least two familiarisation trials to ensure results are both reliable and reproducible. In addition, diurnal variations exist during a single high intensity bout of exercise. It is likely these daily fluctuations are influenced by a number of biochemical and physiological variables. The purpose of this article is to outline factors that contribute to our interpretation of data following high intensity cycle ergometry.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2010
Bouhlel, E, Chelly, MS, Gmada, N, Tabka, Z, and Shephard, R. Effect of a prior force-velocity test performed with legs on subsequent peak power output measured with arms or vice versa. J Strength Cond Res 24(4): 992-998, 2010-The aim of this study was to examine whether measurement of peak anaerobic power (W peak ) by force-velocity test using the arms or the legs influenced the performance obtained when the opposite muscle group was tested. Ten trained male throwers (age: 20.6 6 2; stature: 1.82 6 0.06 m; and body mass: 85.5 6 17.2 kg) performed, on separate days, 2 Monark cycleergometer protocols comprising (a) arm cranking (A1) followed by a leg cycling (L2) force-velocity test (series A-L) and (b) a leg cycling (L1) followed by an arm cranking (A2) forcevelocity test (series L-A). On each day, 8 minutes of seated rest separated the 2 force-velocity tests. Arterialized capillary blood was collected from the finger tips for blood lactate analysis at rest and at the end of each force-velocity test. W peak -A1 and W peak -A2 were similar (8.1 6 1.7 and 8.6 6 1.5 WÁkg 21 , respectively). W peak -L1 and W peak -L2 were 14.0 6 3 and 13.4 6 2.8 WÁkg 21 (NS). Blood [La] increased significantly after each force-velocity test (p , 0.001), but peak blood [La] did not differ significantly between L1 (6.6 6 1.2) and L2 (6.2 6 1.4 mmolÁL 21 ) or between A1 (7.2 6 1.0) and A2 (7.4 6 1.6 mmolÁL 21 ). In this population, force-velocity tests performed using the legs or the arms did not induce a significant decrease in force-velocity determinations of peak anaerobic power performed subsequently with the opposite muscle group. In strength-trained athletes, the force-velocity approach can thus be used to measure the peak power output of both the legs and the arms in a single laboratory session, without adversely affecting estimates of an athlete's performance.