Learning Rules and Clusters for Anomaly Detection in Network Traffic (original) (raw)

Learning rules for anomaly detection of hostile network traffic

Data Mining, 2003. ICDM 2003. …, 2003

We introduce an algorithm called LERAD that learns rules for finding rare events in nominal time-series data with long range dependencies. We use LERAD to find anomalies in network packets and TCP sessions to detect novel intrusions. We evaluated LERAD on the 1999 DARPA/Lincoln Laboratory intrusion detection evaluation data set and on traffic collected in a university departmental server environment.

Data Mining for Intrusion Detection: From Outliers to True Intrusions

Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009

Data mining for intrusion detection can be divided into several sub-topics, among which unsupervised clustering has controversial properties. Unsupervised clustering for intrusion detection aims to i) group behaviors together depending on their similarity and ii) detect groups containing only one (or very few) behaviour. Such isolated behaviours are then considered as deviating from a model of normality and are therefore considered as malicious. Obviously, all atypical behaviours are not attacks or intrusion attempts. Hence, this is the limits of unsupervised clustering for intrusion detection. In this paper, we consider to add a new feature to such isolated behaviours before they can be considered as malicious. This feature is based on their possible repetition from one information system to another. We propose a new outlier mining principle and validate it through a set of experiments.

Mining Common Outliers for Intrusion Detection

Studies in Computational Intelligence, 2010

Data mining for intrusion detection can be divided into several sub-topics, among which unsupervised clustering (which has controversial properties). Unsupervised clustering for intrusion detection aims to i) group behaviours together depending on their similarity and ii) detect groups containing only one (or very few) behaviour(s). Such isolated behaviours seem to deviate from the model of normality; therefore, they are considered as malicious. Obviously, not all atypical behaviours are attacks or intrusion attempts. This represents one drawback of intrusion detection methods based on clustering. We take into account the addition of a new feature to isolated behaviours before they are considered malicious. This feature is based on the possible repeated occurrences of the bahaviour on many information systems. Based on this feature, we propose a new outlier mining method which we validate through a set of experiments.

Data Mining for Network Intrusion Detection

Proc. NSF Workshop on …, 2002

This paper gives an overview of our research in building rare class prediction models for identifying known intrusions and their variations and anomaly/outlier detection schemes for detecting novel attacks whose nature is unknown. Experimental results on the KDDCup'99 data set have demonstrated that our rare class predictive models are much more efficient in the detection of intrusive behavior than standard classification techniques. Experimental results on the DARPA 1998 data set, as well as on live network traffic at the University of Minnesota, show that the new techniques show great promise in detecting novel intrusions. In particular, during the past few months our techniques have been successful in automatically identifying several novel intrusions that could not be detected using state-of-the-art tools such as SNORT. In fact, many of these have been on the CERT/CC list of recent advisories and incident notes.

Anomaly Based Network Intrusion Detection with Unsupervised Outlier Detection

2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2006

Anomaly detection is a critical issue in Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs). Most anomaly based NIDSs employ supervised algorithms, whose performances highly depend on attack-free training data. However, this kind of training data is difficult to obtain in real world network environment. Moreover, with changing network environment or services, patterns of normal traffic will be changed. This leads to high false positive rate of supervised NIDSs. Unsupervised outlier detection can overcome the drawbacks of supervised anomaly detection. Therefore, we apply one of the efficient data mining algorithms called random forests algorithm in anomaly based NIDSs. Without attack-free training data, random forests algorithm can detect outliers in datasets of network traffic. In this paper, we discuss our framework of anomaly based network intrusion detection. In the framework, patterns of network services are built by random forests algorithm over traffic data. Intrusions are detected by determining outliers related to the built patterns. We present the modification on the outlier detection algorithm of random forests. We also report our experimental results over the KDD'99 dataset. The results show that the proposed approach is comparable to previously reported unsupervised anomaly detection approaches evaluated over the KDD'99 dataset.

Machine Learning for the Identification of Network Anomalies

Indian Scientific Journal Of Research In Engineering And Management, 2023

The most popular technique for identifying and blocking malicious network requests is the intrusion detection system, or IDS for short. They are positioned carefully to keep an eye on network traffic going to and coming from every device. Most networking devices can employ an IDS with the use of virtual machines and sophisticated switches. While having good accuracy, the classic SIDS (Signature-Based Intrusion Detection System) cannot identify many modern incursions, such as zero-day attacks, as it relies on a pattern matching technique. Instead, the majority of recently launched attacks can be detected using machine learning, statistical, and knowledge-based methods. An anomaly is defined as any significant difference between the observed behavior and the model.The training phase and the testing phase make up the two stages of the development of these models. During the training phase, a model of typical behavior is learned using the average traffic profile. The system's ability to generalize to as-yet-undiscovered intrusions is then determined during the testing step using a fresh data set. In order to identify network traffic anomalies, we have used an unsupervised machine-learning approach called Isolation Forest in this paper. Using the anomaly score, the algorithm finds the outliers. The KDD data set, a well-known benchmark in the study of Intrusion Detection methods, has been used for training and testing.

Unsupervised Clustering Approach for Network Anomaly Detection

Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2012

This paper describes the advantages of using the anomaly detection approach over the misuse detection technique in detecting unknown network intrusions or attacks. It also investigates the performance of various clustering algorithms when applied to anomaly detection. Five different clustering algorithms: k-Means, improved k-Means, k-Medoids, EM clustering and distance-based outlier detection algorithms are used. Our experiment shows that misuse detection techniques, which implemented four different classifiers (naïve Bayes, rule induction, decision tree and nearest neighbour) failed to detect network traffic, which contained a large number of unknown intrusions; where the highest accuracy was only 63.97% and the lowest false positive rate was 17.90%. On the other hand, the anomaly detection module showed promising results where the distance-based outlier detection algorithm outperformed other algorithms with an accuracy of 80.15%. The accuracy for EM clustering was 78.06%, for k-Medoids it was 76.71%, for improved k-Means it was 65.40% and for k-Means it was 57.81%. Unfortunately, our anomaly detection module produces high false positive rate (more than 20%) for all four clustering algorithms. Therefore, our future work will be more focus in reducing the false positive rate and improving the accuracy using more advance machine learning techniques.

Analysis of Various Machine Learning Approach to Detect Anomaly from Network Traffic

International journal of computer science and mobile computing, 2022

Although conventional network security measures have been effective up until now, machine learning techniques are a strong contender in the present network environment due to their flexibility. In this study, we evaluate how well the latter can identify security issues in a corporative setting Network. In order to do so, we configure and contrast a number of models to determine which one best our demands. In addition, we spread the computational load and storage to support large quantities of data. Our model-building methods, Random Forest and Naive Bayes.

Detection of Anomalies in the Computer Network Behaviour

European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences, 2020

The goal of anomaly-based intrusion detection is to build a system which monitors computer network behaviour and generates alerts if either a known attack or an anomaly is detected. Anomaly-based intrusion detection system detects intrusions based on a reference model which identifies normal behaviour of the computer network and flags an anomaly. Basic challenges in anomaly-based detection are difficulties to identify a ‘normal’ network behaviour and complexity of the dataset needed to train the intrusion detection system. Supervised machine learning can be used to train the binary classifiers in order to recognize the notion of normality. In this paper we present an algorithm for feature selection and instances normalization which reduces the Kyoto 2006+ dataset in order to increase accuracy and decrease time for training, testing and validating intrusion detection systems based on five models: k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), weighted k-NN (wk-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decisio...