The puquios of the Chancay Valley: Eighteenth-Century Legal Arguments (original) (raw)

In 1743 attorney M. Valdivieso y Torrejon prepared a printed legal brief on behalf of his client don Lorenzo Joseph de Aparicio the owner of the Chancaillo Hacenda in Peru's Chancay Valley. Don Lorenzo Joseph had brought suit in Peru's water court against his neighbor, don Jacino de Rojas, the owner of the Jequan Hacienda, also in the Chancay Valley. The water from two puquios or filtration galleries was in dispute. Who would get it depended on an important legal point. If the puquios had been built by Indians before the arrival of the Spaniards in Peru, then the landowners of the Chancay Valley were required to to share their water. If, however, a landowner had built the puquios after the conquest, he had exclusive rights. This paper examines the legal arguments advanced by Valdivieso y Torrejon and his client.

Water and Competing Colonialisms: The Jesuits and the Dispute Over Water between Tlaxcalans and the Marquises of San Miguel de Aguayo in Parras, Nueva Vizcaya

Around the summer of 1726 the father superior of the Jesuits in Parras, Nueva Vizcaya wrote an impassioned letter to the Audiencia of Guadalajara asking it to rescind an agreement a previous father provincial (the head of a Jesuit province) had made with their neighbors the Marquises of San Miguel de Aguayo, the most powerful family of the northeastern frontier. The Parras superior claimed the Marquis had visited the father provincial in Mexico City with the intention of going over the superior’s own head in seeking approval to a legally-binding agreement, knowing full well the father provincial did not have the intimate details of the situation on the ground. The Parras superior vehemently rejected the agreement as harmful to the interests of his order, and said the Marquis had given a “sinister account of the events that was inconsistent with the truth” in order to convince the Jesuit provincial to approve it. As with the vast majority of conflicts dealing with lands in the northern frontier, this dispute had at its core control over water. This dispute was not the first clash the Society had with the Marquises over water. For over a century the order had made an alliance of convenience with the Indians of Parras to thwart the powerful frontier dynasty from monopolizing the water supply in the Parras vallley. But it was the first time the Marquises had turned this alliance on its head in the pursuit of their old goal by questioning the very nature of the Jesuit-Indian alliance. This alliance between Jesuits and “naturales de Parras” allowed for the preservation of the Indians’ ethnic space and the Jesuits’ properties in the region even after the secularization of the erstwhile Lagunero mission and the establishment of a parish church in the 1640s.

The normativity of possession. Rethinking land relations in early-modern Spanish America, ca. 1500-1800

Colonial Latin American Review, 2020

This article argues that, to better interpret judicial sources on land relations in Spanish America, it is essential to move away from the category of ‘property’ and move toward an understanding of the peculiar normative order in which the legal protection of possession made sense. The following sections will present this argument in three steps. First, the literature on land rights produced by the tradition of the derecho indiano, which has been one of the central sources for understanding land relations in the historiography of Spanish America, will be discussed. While producing some of the seminal studies concerned with how Spain governed in the Americas, its characterization of the legal model of land tenure has been one of the main means of misrepresentation regarding how Europeans viewed property more generally. Second, by acknowledging the more recent legal-historical research on the European ius commune and its jurisdictional culture, I expand on how this manner of representing law could help better understand the logic of judicial sources for historical research. Third, some of the more recent studies into land tenure will be revisited to illustrate that different manners of understanding the functioning of law can lead to widely diverging historical interpretations.

Water Flows and topographic networks of power: Social struggles for water in the Copiapo valley in the eighteenth century

Arcadia, Explorations in Environmental History, 2020

In this work we want to rethink the environmental history of water and power in Copiapó between 1744 and 1801,through contemporary theoretical tools in a retrospective exercise of reflection. During the late colonial period, the river and water were dialectical mediator elements that wove and articulated the unity of the valley in fragile equilibriums and tensions between territories, social classes, ethnic groups and political estates of the valley. Therefore, we can identify the agency of sociopolitical dynamics as one of the earliest expressions of socio-environmental mobilization in chilean history.

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