Policy making (original) (raw)
Related papers
2014
The aims of the subject are: To review the economic analysis of main environmental problems as well as the different environmental policy tools. To understand the relationship between economic, social and ecological systems. To study the analytical tools of the economics of the environment. To analyse the main current debates in the field.
Policy Design and Non-Design: Towards a Spectrum of Policy Formulation Types
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Public policies are the result of efforts made by governments to alter aspects of behaviour-both that of their own agents and of society at large-in order to carry out some end or purpose. They are comprised of arrangements of policy goals and policy means matched through some decision-making process. These policy-making efforts can be more, or less, systematic in attempting to match ends and means in a logical fashion or can result from much less systematic processes. "Policy design" implies a knowledge-based process in which the choice of means or mechanisms through which policy goals are given effect follows a logical process of inference from known or learned relationships between means and outcomes. This includes both design in which means are selected in accordance with experience and knowledge and that in which principles and relationships are incorrectly or only partially articulated or understood. Policy decisions can be careful and deliberate in attempting to best resolve a problem or can be highly contingent and driven by situational logics. Decisions stemming from bargaining or opportunism can also be distinguished from those which result from careful analysis and assessment. This article considers both modes and formulates a spectrum of policy formulation types between "design" and "non-design" which helps clarify the nature of each type and the likelihood of each unfolding.
Approaches to analysis and characteristics of public policies
2021
The following research provides an overview of public policy in relation to public policy approaches, allowing us to understand the different ways in which this type of state strategy manifests itself, relating it to society and the different elements that allow for the transformation of the social fabric as a result of state policies. <b> </b><br>
Introduction to the analysis of public policies
Technium Social Sciences Journal, 2020
We can talk about public policies when a public authority - central or local - intends, with the help of a coordinated action program, to modify the economic, social, cultural environment of social actors. At national level, public policies can appear from any of the major state institutions (Parliament, President, Government, central or local authorities). The study of public policies is different from the traditional academic research, having an applied approach, oriented towards: (1) designing and developing solutions for the problems of society, (2) Interdisciplinarity, (3) Orientation towards problem solving: it does not have a purely academic character, but it is oriented towards the problems of the real world, looking for solutions for them, (4) Normativity. The general stages of this process are as follows: (1) defining the problem, (2) making the decision, (3) implementation of public policy, (4) monitoring and evaluation of public policy.
CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF WHAT PUBLIC POLICIES ARE AND ARE NOT
NORDSCI Conference Proceedings, 2022
This paper has as its main objective the critical analysis of certain influential definitions of public policies that exist in the scientific literature of the field. This analysis intends to trace the change in the way public policies are seen, studied and evaluated. The paper in question also investigates the historical context and the process of the birth of public policies, identifying the key factors of a structural, economic, cultural and political nature. The originality of our approach consists in grouping these factors within explanatory paradigms of the emergence of public policies: the structural paradigm, the social control paradigm, the utilitarian paradigm (which includes both economic and social-political pragmatism), the political mobilization paradigm, the humanistic and antioppressive paradigm. We first analyze the metamorphoses of the two concepts: public and policies. Later, we bring together the analysis of the historical evolution of the two respective concepts within the framework of the same approach. The conclusion underlines the fact that public policies are socially constructed. The methods used were from the category of those based on secondary qualitative analysis: bibliographic analysis, conceptual analysis, discourse analysis, processual analysis and hermeneutic analysis.