A NEW TRACKING SYSTEM TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOUR OF SPECIES (original) (raw)
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Performance Evaluation of a Novel Animals Tracking System based on UHF RFID Technology
The adoption of solutions based on Radio Frequency IDentification technology in a wide range of contexts is a matter of fact. In many situations, such as the tracking of small-size living animals, the straightforward use of commercial systems does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both the RFID hardware and the software control platform should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, the specific requirements of Near Field Ultra High Frequency RFID reader antennas suitable for small-size animal localization and tracking are identified and a control system in a LabVIEW environment is designed. Afterwards, both hardware and software solutions have been implemented and validated. In particular, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication, in order to obtain precise localization data, was developed and validated. Finally, the set-up of a first working prototype involving built-in-lab reader antennas has been completed and tested. The achieved results prove the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.
Sensors, 2011
Radio frequency identification (RFID) devices are currently used to quantify several traits of animal behaviour with potential applications for the study of marine organisms. To date, behavioural studies with marine organisms are rare because of the technical difficulty of propagating radio waves within the saltwater medium. We present a novel RFID tracking system to study the burrowing behaviour of a valuable fishery resource, the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.). The system consists of a network of six controllers, each handling a group of seven antennas. That network was placed below a microcosm tank that recreated important features typical of Nephrops' grounds, such as the presence of multiple burrows. The animals carried a passive transponder attached to their telson, operating at 13.56 MHz. The tracking system was implemented to concurrently report the behaviour of up to three individuals, in terms of their travelled distances in a specified unit of time and their preferential positioning within the antenna
Model to integration of RFID into Wireless Sensor Network for Tracking and Monitoring Animals
2008
The pervasive computing concept aims the development of solutions for better perception of events in interest areas. Since 90's, scientific efforts are being applied on the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies and applications such as environmental monitoring, surveillance, and security. More recently, industrial and commercial applications demanded advances on object identification and then RFID technology has emerged. Clearly, the RFID technology, initially applied to indoor solutions, can be combined with common outdoor WSN solutions in order to provide a better monitoring system. This fact is shown in this work by proposing a model for heterogeneous architecture to be applied on animal monitoring applications.
Wildlife tracking with latest electronic technology
International International Journal of Avian & Wildlife Biology
Recent technologies have helped solve the matter of untamed life following. Some electronic tags provide off signals that are picked up by radio devices or satellites whereas alternative electronic tags may embody deposit tags. 2 Scientists will track the movement and locations of the labeled animals. These electronic tags will offer a good deal of information. Also, owing to their size and weight, electronic tags could produce drag on some animals, fastness them down. However, they're costlier than the low-tech tags that are not electronic.
Near Field UHF RFID Antenna System Enabling the Tracking of Small Laboratory Animals
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, 2013
ABSTRACT Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is more and more adopted in a wide range of applicative scenarios. In many cases, such as the tracking of small-size living animals for behaviour analysis purposes, the straightforward use of commercial solutions does not ensure adequate performance. Consequently, both RFID hardware and the control software should be tailored for the particular application. In this work, a novel RFID-based approach enabling an effective localization and tracking of small-sized laboratory animals is proposed. It is mainly based on a UHF Near Field RFID multiantenna system, to be placed under the animals’ cage, and able to rigorously identify the NF RFID tags implanted in laboratory animals (e.g., mice). Once the requirements of the reader antenna have been individuated, the antenna system has been designed and realized. Moreover, an algorithm based on the measured Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) aiming at removing potential ambiguities in data captured by the multiantenna system has been developed and integrated. The animal tracking system has been largely tested on phantom mice in order to verify its ability to precisely localize each subject and to reconstruct its path. The achieved and discussed results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed tracking system.
IRJET- GPS ARDUINO BASED TRACKING AND ALARM SYSTEM FOR PROTECTION OF WILDLIFE ANIMAL
IRJET, 2020
Animal detection is important to day life. This project used to detect the animal entering in to human living areas. Main components are GPS used to track the location of the animals, Temperature Sensor is used to know the health of the animals. RFID tag is used to detect the animals condition or detail. Temperature and location will be displayed on IOT and also this data send to particular mobile using Bluetooth. The alarm is given if the animals cross the boundary. It is easily identify the animal location by using GPS. It helps to know the temperature of animal by using temperature sensor. It is easy to update all the data about the animal in the IOT. It mainly useful to Arduino(controller) for interface all the object. It is easy to know the animal details by RFID tag and read the details in RFID reader. The GPS device is connected to the Arduino (Controller) which is used to monitor the location of animals. And it will send the location of the animal which affected due to increase temperature. After getting all the information about the location of animal and the temperature and any object movement like human it will be displayed on the PC using the IOT kit. It frequently monitors the temperature of each animal. If there is any variation in the temperature level, it will be updated on the IOT module. Another one, RFID tag will be fixed with the animals. Once the animal cross its boundary the reader will read the tag and sends alert.
2018
The University of Corsica decided to create in 2010 the platform STELLA MARE (Sustainable TEchnologies for LittoraL Aquaculture and MArine Research) and its platform CNRS-Università di Corsica leads a project called AMB.I.EN.T.E (AMBient Intelligence for Environment using Technical Efficiency) to develop some tools to follow the terrestrial and underwater activities of animal. Global Positioning System (GPS) is considered as an essential key in the monitoring of animal activity. Indeed, the knowledge of the movement, the reproduction and spawning areas are important for the researchers. We were able to study some research on GPS tracking system however the energy consumption, a quick deployment and real-time data visualization are not clearly expressed in a same technical solution. In this paper, we introduce a prototype of GPS tracker system using LoRa (for Long Range) technology according to these three previous needs.
An Advanced, Low-Cost, GPS-Based Animal Tracking System
Rangeland Ecology & Management, 2006
An improved global positioning system (GPS)-based animal tracking system is needed to meet quickly evolving demands of ecological research, range livestock production, and natural resource management. Commercially available tracking systems lack the data storage capacity needed to frequently collect animal location data (e.g., 15-minute intervals or less) over long-term deployment periods (e.g., 1 year or more). Some commercial systems have remote data-download capabilities, reducing the need to recapture tagged animals for data retrieval, but these systems download data via satellite (Argos), global system for mobile communications (GSM) cellular telephone, or telemetry radio frequencies. Satellite systems are excessively expensive, and GSM cellular coverage is extremely limited within the United States. Radio-based systems use narrow-band very-high-or ultra-high frequencies requiring the user to obtain frequency allocations. None of these existing systems were designed to provide continual, real-time data access. The Clark GPS Animal Tracking System (Clark ATS) was developed to meet the evolving demands of animal ethologists, ecologists, natural resource managers, and livestock producers. The Clark ATS uses memory-card technology for expandable data storage from 16 megabytes to 8 gigabytes. Remote data downloading and program uploading is accomplished using spread-spectrum radio transceivers, which do not require narrow-band radio frequency allocations. These radios also transmit, at a user-defined time interval, a real-time, GPS-location beacon to any Clark ATS base station within range (about 24 km or 15 miles line of sight). Advances incorporated into the Clark ATS make it possible to evaluate animal behavior at very fine spatial-and temporal-resolution over long periods of time. The real-time monitoring provided by this system enables researchers to accurately examine animal distribution and activity responses to acute, short-term disturbances relative to longerterm behavioral patterns. The Clark ATS also provides a huge time-and cost-savings to researchers and natural resource managers attempting to relocate a tagged animal in the field for direct observation or other operations.
Wildlife Research, 2018
Context. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are revolutionising areas of animal behaviour research and are advantageous based on their ability to be deployed remotely and unobtrusively, for long time periods in inaccessible areas. Aims. We aimed to determine the feasibility of using a WSN to track detailed movement paths of small animals, e.g. rats (Rattus spp.) 100-400 g, too small for current GPS technology, by calibrating active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and loggers using Radio Frequency Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) as a proxy for distance. Active RFIDs are also called Wireless Identification (WID) tags. Methods. Calibration tests were conducted using a grid of loggers (n = 16) spaced at 45-m intervals in clear line-ofsight conditions. WID tags (n = 16) were placed between the loggers at 45-m intervals. Eight 'walks' were also conducted through the grid using a single WID tag. This involved attaching the tag to a small bottle of water (to simulate the body of an animal), towed around the grid using a 1-m long tow line attached to a volunteer walker. The volunteer also held a GPS device that logged their track. Models were constructed to test the effects of distance, tag movement and individual differences in loggers and tags on the reliability of movement data. Key results. Loggers were most successful at detecting tags at distances <50 m. However, there was a significant difference in the detection probabilities of individual loggers and also the transmission performance of individual tags. Static tags were less likely to be detected than the mobile tag; and although RSSI was somewhat related to distance, the reliability of this parameter was highly variable. Implications. We recommend caution in the future use of current radio frequency ID tags in wireless sensor networks to track the movement of small animals, and in the use of RSSI as an indicator of individual distance values, as extensive in situ calibration is required. 'Off the shelf' devices may vary in performance, rendering data unreliable. We emphasise the importance of calibrating all equipment in animal tracking studies to reduce data uncertainty and error.
GPS-less animal tracking system
2008 Fourth International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks, 2008
Mobile target tracking in Sensor Network field is an important area of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) application. The speed of target and constraints on WSN nodes vary from one application to another. In this paper, we report our work on application of WSN to track movements of Small Turtles in Wildlife Institute of India (WII) Campus. This would allow wildlife researchers to understand behaviour of these turtles. These turtles are very small in size and Global Positioning System (GPS) based monitoring is not very useful. So we have developed a GPS-less system to track movement of these turtles. In addition, we monitor the micro-climate around the animal as well as monitor period of hibernation during winter time. We have carried out trial of this system in our campus with a simulated mobile target carrying one node with a grid of four fixed sensor nodes. This system uses Incremental Grid Based Approach to localize moving target. The data obtained is passed on to a web based data server through a gateway and movement is shown on a digital map using a browser based visualization software utilizing Google Map APIs (Application Programming Interface).