Mathematical equations in Braille (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
Braille is a form of written language for visually impaired people, in which characters are represented by patterns of raised dots that are felt with the fingertips. The discerning person can not usually read Braille information without training. Therefore, many parents have difficulty in educating their blind children. Next, teachers that are engaged in special education have to depend on Braille translator when marking Braille papers or assignments. Therefore, this system proposed are aiming to help the people who have zero knowledge in Braille code to learn the code. This system will also have better prospects for application, shorten the time taken to translate and provide assistance to the beginners in learning Braille characters.
IJERT-Development of Braille and Latex Markup Code for Mathematical Equations using OCR
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2018
https://www.ijert.org/development-of-braille-and-latex-markup-code-for-mathematical-equations-using-ocr https://www.ijert.org/research/development-of-braille-and-latex-markup-code-for-mathematical-equations-using-ocr-IJERTCONV6IS13208.pdf This project demonstrates a system that takes a photograph of a printed equation and produces a Braille and Latex code representation. The process uses adaptive thresholding morphological edge smoothing, and the Hough transform for image binarization and skew correction. The project uses Hue invariant moments and circular topology to match characters against a stored database of characters. The algorithm then assembles the appropriate Latex code from the detected characters and then it is converted into Braille. First, the image is captured. The target user does this through a Smartphone camera. Then, the image is binarized to obtain clean image. Then, skew is corrected so the equation in the image is horizontal. Afterwards, segmentation algorithm using the bounding box, edge detection and convex hull find each character in the equation, extract a feature vector for each, and identify the characters using nearest neighbor classification. Finally, our developed algorithm assembles the recognized characters into LATEX code and then it is converted into Braille. This system is able to detect 90% of characters in ideal images and 75%-85% of characters in real world photographs.
Automated Conversion of English and Hindi Text to Braille Representation
2011
Nearly 161 million persons live with a disabling visual impairment, of whom 37 million are blind. About 90 % of them live in developing countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific Regions. 9 out of 10 blind children in developing countries have no access to education. The system of embossed writing invented by Louis Braille gradually came to be accepted throughout the world as the fundamental form of written communication for blind individuals. This paper is concerned about the transliteration of English and Hindi text to Braille. Braille is a dotted pattern used by the blind people for reading and writing. In this paper we have discussed the possible ways to teach Blind people [11]..Braille has become the pre-eminent tactile alphabet. Its characters are six- dot cells, two wide by three tall. Any of
Analysis and Evaluation of Braille to Text Conversion Methods
Mobile Information Systems
Technology is advancing rapidly in present times. To serve as a useful and connected part of the community, everyone is required to learn and update themselves on innovations. Visually impaired people fall behind in this regard because of their inherent limitations. To involve these people as active participants within communities, technology must be modified for their facilitation. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of various user input schemes designed for the visually impaired for Braille to natural language conversion. These techniques are analyzed in detail with a focus on their accessibility and usability. Currently, considerable effort has been made to design a touch-screen input mechanism for visually impaired people, such as Braille Touch, Braille Enter, and Edge Braille. All of these schemes use location-specific input and challenge visually impaired persons to locate specified places on the touch screen. Most of the schemes require special actions to switch betwe...