Greek professors of the Medical School of Constantinople during a period of reformation (1839-76) (original) (raw)
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Crusades, 2021
In this article the presence and activities of doctors in Cyprus throughout the Lusignan and Venetian periods and the extent to which these were influenced by Western Europe, the Latin East and the Muslim world will be assessed and evaluated. The records for the presence of doctors are diverse, and include papal documents, the proceedings of provincial synods of the Latin Church, Venetian and Genoese notarial deeds of the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries, legal texts, chronicles, and royal fiscal records. Despite this diversity of records, the information they provide presents imbalances. Considerable information is available on the different types of doctors active on the island, including veterinary surgeons, and less on the hospitals and how they functioned, or on the practice of medicine itself, even though some valuable items of information are found concerning these last two areas. In terms of ethnic and cultural origins it is clear from the available information that, even if most of the doctors recorded are of Western origin, Jewish and Muslim doctors were held in high regard, despite the injunctions of the island's Latin Church against visiting doctors who were not of the Christian faith.
Byzantine medicine and medical practitioners in the West: the case of Michael Dishypatos
Revue des Études Byzantines 54 (1996), 201-20, 1996
It seems to be generally assumed that, after about 1200, Byzantium lost its former ascendancy in the field of medical practice. The abundant evidence for Greek physicians practising in the West during the fifteenth century, however, challenges this view. Many contemporary documents speak of these émigré physicians in most complimentary terms and they often obtained the patronage of the wealthy and influential. This article concentrates on one of them, Michael Dishypatos, who was tried for sorcery at Chambéry in 1417. Although the trial document attributes to Dishypatos practices which are hardly compatible with good medical practice, it is argued that his condemnation was the result of political intrigue rather than dissatisfaction with his professional conduct. On the contrary, his very presence in the Duchy of Savoy, in the service of the Duke and of a wealthy bourgeois, Jean Lageret, is further evidence that Byzantine medicine still commanded high respect in the West in the last years before the fall of Constantinople.
"Greek physicians in the eyes of Roman elite (from the Republic to the 1st century AD)"
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F Historia 73, pp. 119-137, 2018
In the 3 rd century BC, Greek doctors brought scientific medicine to Rome. The arrival of new therapeutic practices, which were the inheritance of a different mental and cultural framework, provoked a double reaction at Rome. On the one hand, philhellenic circles promoted the presence of physicians in the city and in aristocratic households. On the other hand, the part of the elite that defended the safeguarding of the Roman gravitas condemned both the new medicine and the physicians. The assimilation of Greek medicine in Rome was accomplished in the 1 st century BC. However , the attitude of Roman elite towards doctors continued to be ambiguous, since these doctors came usually from the East and practiced a foreign medicine. The aim of this paper is to analyze the attitude of the Roman elite towards those who had to take care of their health. With the help of literary sources like Cato the Elder, Cicero or Pliny, we will evaluate to what extent these physicians who interacted in the life of the aristocracy were perceived as carnifici who killed or amici who healed.
Subsequent to the Sultan's edict of 26 December 1826, an Imperial Medical School was inaugurated as early as January 1827 with the objective of improving the healthcare of the nascent army. Throughout the decades, the Imperial Medical School proved to be instrumental in shaping the trajectory of modern healthcare in the Ottoman Empire and subsequently in the Republic of Turkey. This article focuses on issues such as the establishment of the Imperial Medical School, its edifices, funding and social activities between 1827 and 1876. It draws on Ottoman documents, newspaper notes and journal comments. It argues that the Imperial Medical School had somewhat limited development options following the unfortunate conflagration of the Galatasaray complex, due to its location in buildings that were not entirely suitable for medical instruction. It is possible that the Sublime Porte's decision to repurpose the edifice designed for it may have contributed to this. Nevertheless, the Imperial Medical School remained committed to its public responsibilities, consistently addressing the most pressing health issues faced by the Ottoman society throughout the 1840s-1870s.
Annals of the University of Bucharest - Philosophy Series, 2012
Medical knowledge is one of the most interesting domains of intellectual history. In Europe its development and evolution is based mostly on the Greek contribution, especially on Hippocrates’ and Galen’s works. Our intention is to get a synthetic image of medical thought during the Middle Ages and to show how Galen’s contribution was interpreted over a time span of more than 1200 years. In this article we will make some introductory remarks on Hippocrates’ and Galen’s thought and then will try to review some main aspects of the medical thought and institutions in the Byzantine Empire. We shall examine medical theories, physicians and their works, hospitals and medical instruments, as well. In a later article we hope to show some Jewish and Arab influences on the medical thought of the Western Medieval life.
BEING A PHYSICIAN IN MOESIA INFERIOR*
This research tries to outline a part of daily life of the Roman province Moesia Inferior, very little surprised by the historical literature: medicine and the practitioners of this profession. It examines the spread of civilian physicians in the communities of the province, especially from inscriptions and discoveries of medical instruments in the tombs. We discuss also about the access arrangements in the branch, doctors' origin, local tradition for this specialization. The physicians identified, as well as the associations that are attested in the Greek cities, are evidences of a normal medical activity in Moesia Inferior, like in any other province of the Roman Empire of first to third century AD.