Magnetoelectric effect in composites of magnet, metal-cap, and piezoceramic (original) (raw)
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Magnetoelectric Effect in Composites of Magnetostrictive and Piezoelectric Materials
In the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in single phase and composite materials. Dielectric polarization of a material under a magnetic field or an induced magnetization under an electric field requires the simultaneous presence of long-range ordering of magnetic moments and electric dipoles. Single phase materials suffer from the drawback that the ME effect is considerably weak even at low temperatures, limiting their applicability in practical devices. Better alternatives are ME composites that have large magnitudes of the ME voltage coefficient. The composites exploit the product property of the materials. The ME effect can be realized using composites consisting of individual piezomagnetic and piezoelectric phases or individual magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. In the past few years, our group has done extensive research on ME materials for magnetic field sensing applications and current measurement probes for high-power electric transmission systems. In this review article, we mainly emphasize our investigations of ME particulate composites and laminate composites and summarize the important results. The data reported in the literature are also compared for clarity. Based on these results, we establish the fact that magnetoelectric laminate composites (MLCs) made from the giant magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, and relaxor-based piezocrystals are far superior to the other contenders. The large ME voltage coefficient in MLCs was obtained because of the high piezoelectric voltage coefficient of the piezocrystals and large elastic compliances. In addition, an optimized thickness ratio between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases and the direction of the magnetostriction also influence the magnitude of the ME coefficient.
Magnetoelectric Properties in Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Laminate Composites
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2001
Magnetoelectric laminate composites of piezoelectric-magnetostrictive materials were investigated. The composites were prepared by stacking and bonding Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT) and Terfenol-D disks. Experimental results indicated that the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient, dE/dH, increased with decreasing thickness and increasing piezoelectric voltage constant (g 31 ) of the PZT layer. We obtained the highest magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 4.68 V/cm·Oe at room temperature for the sample with high g 33 PZT of 0.5 mm in thickness. This value is about 36 times higher than the best reported value.
Journal of Electroceramics, 2007
Laminar piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics and the giant magnetostrictive rare-earth-iron alloy Terfenol-D were prepared by epoxy bonding. The direct and converse magnetoelectric (ME) effects at and off the mechanical resonant frequency were characterized and compared to the theoretical modelling. The mechanical resonant frequency of the composites depended on the sample orientation and the magnetic DC bias field. In the longitudinal configuration, the resonant frequency shifted down monotonically with the increasing bias field. When the sample was in the transverse configuration, the resonant frequency decreased with the increasing field at first. However, at higher bias, it shifted up with the increasing bias. A phenomenological model based on the ΔE effect of magnetostrictive materials is proposed to explain the observed phenomena.
Theory of Magnetoelectric Effect for Three-Layer Piezo-Magnetostrictive Asymmetric Composites
Journal of Composites Science
Here, we discuss a model for the quasi-static magnetoelectric (ME) interaction in three-layer composites consisting of a single piezoelectric (PE) layer and two magnetostrictive (MS) layers with positive and negative magnetostriction. Two types of layer arrangements are considered: Type 1: a sandwich structure with the PE layer between the two MS layers and Type 2: the two MS layers form the adjacent layers. Expressions for the ME response are obtained using the system of equations of elasto- and electrostatics for the PE and MS phases. The contributions from longitudinal and bending vibrations to the net ME response are considered. The theory is applied for trilayers consisting of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), nickel for negative magnetostriction, and Metglas for positive magnetostriction. Estimates of the dependence of the strength of the ME response on the thickness of the three layers are provided. It is shown that the asymmetric three-layer structures of both types lead to an ...
Applied Physics Letters, 2012
Formation mechanism, optical and magneto-dielectric studies of new cubic spinel MgMnO3 AIP Advances 2, 032140 Multiferroicity and phase transitions in Tm-substituted GdMnO3 J. Appl. Phys. 112, 034115 (2012) The influence of in-plane ferroelectric crystal orientation on electrical modulation of magnetic properties in Co60Fe20B20/SiO2/(011) xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(1−x)PbTiO3 heterostructures J. Appl. Phys. 112, 033916 Effect of electrode resistance on dielectric and transport properties of multiferroic superlattice: A Impedance spectroscopy study AIP Advances 2, 032136 Magnetoelectric effects at microwave frequencies on Z-type hexaferrite A particulate composite consisting of 65 mol. % Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 and 35 mol. % CoFe 2 O 4 was synthesized, and it's structure, microstructure, ferroelectric, magnetostrictive, magnetic, and direct/indirect magnetoelectric properties were studied. The composite showed different magnetization behaviour under electrically poled and un-poled conditions. The percentage change in magnetization as a result of poling is approximately À15% at 500 Oe magnetic field. Magnetostriction measurements displayed a value of k 11 ¼ À57 Â 10 À6 and piezomagnetic coefficient dk 11 /dH ¼ 0.022 Â 10 À6 kOe À1 at 2.2 kOe for the composite. The maximum magnetoelectric output varied from 1350 mV/cm to 2000 mV/cm with change in the electrical poling conditions. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.
Recent advancements in magnetoelectric particulate and laminate composites
Journal of Electroceramics, 2007
Recently, the magnetoelectric (ME) effectdielectric polarization of a material under magnetic field, or induced magnetization under an electric field-has become the focus of significant research interests. The primary requirement for the observance of said effect is the coexistence of magnetic and electric dipoles. Most of the known single phase materials suffer from the drawback that the ME effect is quite small, even at low temperatures limiting their applicability in practical devices. Better alternatives are ME composites, which have large magnitudes of the ME voltage coefficient. Composites exploit the product property of materials; where the ME effect is realized by combining magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases that independently are not ME, but acting together (i.e., their product) result in a ME effect. In this review article, we survey recently reported results concerning ME composites, focusing on ME particulate (synthesized via a controlled precipitation technique) and laminated composites. The article also provides a survey of the compositions and magnitudes of the ME coefficients reported in the literature; a brief description of the analytical models developed to explain and predict the behavior of composites; and discuss several applications that are made possible by enhanced ME effects.
Journal of Applied Physics, 2007
The magnetoelectric ͑ME͒ susceptibility ͑␣ me ͒ is the fundamental property that describes the coupling between the polarization and magnetization of a ME media. It is a complex quantity ͑␣ me * ͒ which has rarely been studied. Here, we report investigations of the ME susceptibility for various ME laminated composites, which demonstrates that ␣ me is on the order of 10 −7 s / m for these materials, which is dramatically larger than that of single phase materials.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2001
Magnetoelectric laminate composites of piezoelectric/magnetostrictive materials were prepared by stacking and bonding together a PZT disk and two layers of Terfenol-D disks with different directions of magnetostriction. These composites were studied to investigate (i) dependence on the magnetostriction direction of the Terfenol-D disk and (ii) dependence on the direction of the applied ac magnetic field. Three different types of assemblies were prepared by using two types of disks: one with magnetostriction along the radial direction, the other with magnetostriction along the thickness direction. The maximum magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (dE/dH) of 5.90 V/cm⅐Oe was obtained for a design where the composite was made by two Terfenol-D layers with a radial magnetostriction direction.
Magnetoelectric properties of ME particulate composites
Journal of Materials Science, 2008
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites are biphasic materials consisting of piezoelectric and piezomagnetic materials as the participating constituents. These ME composites when placed under external magnetic field show electrical polarization (ME output). This ME coupling is mediated by mechanical stress. In the present study, we have synthesized particulate composites of Ni 0.8 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 and Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO 3 using conventional ceramic method. The XRD identifications showed that the sintered ceramics retained the presence of distinct ferroelectric and ferrite phases. The dielectric constant was determined as a function of temperature (room temperature to 650°C) at different test frequencies. The DC resistivity was studied as a function of temperature. The measured ME response, dielectric constant, and resistivity demonstrated strong dependence on the volume fraction of Ni 0.8 Cu 0.2 Fe 2 O 4 in the composite. The ME voltage coefficient strongly depends on the resistivity of the composites.
Magnetoelectric Interactions in Lead-Based and Lead-Free Composites
Materials, 2011
Magnetoelectric (ME) composites that simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism have recently gained significant attention as evident by the increasing number of publications. These research activities are direct results of the fact that multiferroic magnetoelectrics offer significant technological promise for multiple devices. Appropriate choice of phases with co-firing capability, magnetostriction and piezoelectric coefficient, such as Ni-PZT and NZFO-PZT, has resulted in fabrication of prototype components that promise transition. In this manuscript, we report the properties of Ni-PZT and NZFO-PZT composites in terms of ME voltage coefficients as a function of frequency and magnetic DC bias. In order to overcome the problem of toxicity of lead, we have conducted experiments with Pb-free piezoelectric compositions. Results are presented on the magnetoelectric performance of Ni-NKN, Ni-NBTBT and NZFO-NKN, NZFO-NBTBT systems illustrating their importance as an environmentally friendly alternative.