Concentration and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the seawater of Houwan, Taiwan (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
Concentrations of phase-partitioning 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seawater were investigated in the Tsukumo Bay, Noto Peninsula, Japan, during 2014–2018, to improve the understanding of the environmental behavior of PAHs in the coastal areas of the Japan Sea. Total PAH (particulate plus dissolved) concentrations in surface seawater were in the range 0.24–2.20 ng L−1 (mean 0.89 ng L−1), an order of magnitude lower than the mean values observed in the Japan Sea in 2008 and 2010. Although the PAH contamination levels during 2014–2018 were significantly lower than those in the East China Sea, the levels increased from 2014 to 2017 and were maintained at the higher level during 2017–2018. The main sources of particulate and dissolved PAHs during 2014–2018 were combustion products, of which the former were more influenced by liquid fossil-fuel combustion and the latter by biomass or coal combustion. The increase in particulate PAH concentrations in October–December during...
Ocean Science Journal, 2019
Contamination by persistent organic pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitutes a major concern in relation to aquatic ecosystems. To study the seasonal variability of the vertical distribution of PAHs in Possiet Bay (the Sea of Japan/East Sea), surface and near-bottom water samples were collected in February, May, July and November 2013. In the surface layer, the total concentration of 13 PAHs ranges from 11 to 29.6 ng/L over the year with a peak in February. Near-bottom PAHs concentrations varied from 13 to 29.5 ng/L with a peak in May. Seasonal changes in the suspended particulate matter with sorbed PAHs (PPAHs) distribution were detected. Surface-bottom depletion of PPAHs was observed in winter. For spring and summer, the higher near-bottom PPAHs content in comparison with surface PPAHs is attributed to resuspension of particles with PAHs from the sediment in storm events. In autumn, there were similar PPAHs concentrations in the surface and near-bottom layers as a result of the strong mixing typical for the study area at that time. The PAHs isomer ratio indicates both petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs sources in winter and spring, whereas in summer and autumn, PAHs are derived only from combustion. The partitioning of PAHs is also influenced by seasonality. These findings are useful for understanding the dynamics of PAHs pollution in a coastal marine area of the Sea of Japan (East Sea).
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2012
Samples of intertidal surface sediments (0-2 cm) were collected in 17 stations of the Santander Bay, Cantabric Sea, Northern Spain. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 16, were analysed by HPLC and MS detection. Surface sediments show a good linear correlation among the parameters of the experimental organic matter evaluation, where total carbon (TC) and loss on ignition (LOI) are approximately 2.5 and 5 times total organic carbon (TOC). A wide range of TOC from 0.08% to 4.1%, and a broad distribution of the sum of P 16PAHs, from 0.02 to 344.6 lg/g d.w., which can be correlated by an exponential equation to the TOC, has been identified.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009
Nine locations in Shantou coastal waters were chosen for the study on contamination and ecotoxicology risks posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sediment samples were collected to investigate PAH distribution behaviour, sources and understand their origin, which is fundamental in predicting their subsequent behaviour. Many approaches and methods were applied to accomplish these objectives and study purpose. The results found revealed the critical importance of improving our understanding of PAH equilibrium relationships. The serious environmental and health concern, imposed by the high concentrations of PAHs in the area, were widely discussed. Furthermore, the location of Shantou within the town and vicinity of Guiyu, which is a booming E-waste processing centre in China, might explain the significance of atmospheric transportation source of PAHs and enhance the occurrence of air-water exchange.
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2007
In this study, we measured and analyzed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment samples collected from the Kaoping river and submarine canyon (KPSC) system to determine the compositional patterns and characteristic distributions of PAH and to elucidate the transport and fate of these land-derived particles. Concentrations of total PAH (sum of 28 PAH compounds) ranged from 22.6 to 45,100 ngg À1 dry weight (dw) and the highest concentrations were found in the sediments of Donggang Harbor. The ratio of perylene to sum of penta-aromatic PAH isomers (47-55%) was higher in off-shore stations, suggesting a diagenetic PAH source. Various isomeric ratios also indicated that combustion was a significant source of PAH to the sediment at stations located along the Kaoping river and the north-western shelf of the Kaoping estuary. However, in the south-eastern shelf and some canyon sites, petroleum-derived PAHs were a more significant source of these compounds. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis suggest PAHs in the sediments from the north-western shelf, and river and canyon sediments might be a pyrogenic product of coal and diesel-burning vehicles, while those of the south-eastern shelf may be petrogenic. PAH concentrations and compositional patterns are effective tracers of particulate transport in KPSC system. The seaward transport of riverine particulates was found to be mostly directed to NW-shelf and/or canyon.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in inter-tidal sediments of the Kenting coast, Taiwan, to assess the levels and origin of PAHs, and to provide useful information on the potential ecological risk of PAHs to benthic organisms. The total concentrations of 38 PAHs ranged from 0.2 to 493 ng/g dry weight. The high variation in total PAH concentrations was caused by the sand content of the sediment in the area. Compared with other coasts and bays in the world, the concentrations of PAHs in the inter-tidal surface sediment of the Kenting coast is low to moderate. Based on the sediment quality guidelines, the total PAH concentrations were below the effects range low value, indicating that the PAH levels in the Kenting area were within minimal effects ranges for benthic organisms. Principal component analysis and isomer ratios were analyzed to identify the contamination source in the inter-tidal surface sediment of the Kenting coast. The results of compounds' pattern and origin analysis suggest that the source of PAHs in the inter-tidal surface sediment of the Kenting coast is the combustion of petroleum and biomass.
2019
PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are a group of pollutants that are of concern in the marine environment. This study determines the distribution and sources of PAHs in surface sediments of the Terengganu coast. Sediments from sixteen stations along the Terengganu coast were collected using Smith Mclntyre grab. PAHs in the sediment samples were extracted using the ultra-sonication method, with dichloromethane (DCM): methanol (MeOH) (3:1 v/v) as solvent. After cleaning up using the saponification technique, the nonpolar component was fractionated using a silica column; and the PAH compounds were eluted using DCM: hexane (1:1 v/v) mixture. Nineteen PAH compounds were determined using a Shimadzu gas chromatography which was fitted with a mass spectrometer detector (Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus). The total concentration of PAHs detected ranged between 20-790 ng/g. Calculation of several molecular ratios for PAHs such as Anthracene/ (Anthracene+Phenanthrene) (Ant/(Ant+Phe)), Phenanthrene/...
Environmental science. Processes & impacts, 2017
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total organic carbon (TOC) and black carbon (BC) in the estuarine-coastal areas of the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. The results showed that ∑PAH concentrations ranged from 61 to 355 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 146 ng g(-1). The contents of TOC and BC were in the range of 1.31-7.23 mg g(-1) and 0.52-5.60 mg g(-1), respectively. Data analyses showed that PAH concentrations had a positive linear relationship with TOC and with BC. In addition, the grain size of silts and clays had significant influence on the PAHs of sediments. These physicochemical properties as well as coastal currents, especially the trapping effect of the Taiwan Warm Current and the Zhejiang Fujian Coastal Current, played important roles in determining the spatial distribution of PAHs in the ECS. The estimated deposition flux of PAHs was 106 t per year in the study area. Source apportionment showed that these PAHs mainly originated from oil sources, and the combu...
Water Research, 2004
The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and sediment samples collected from 12 locations in Gao-ping River, Taiwan were analyzed. Molecular ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to characterize the possible pollution sources. Concentrations of total 16 PAHs (SPAHs) in water samples ranged from below method detection limits (oMDLs) to 9.4 mg/L with the mean value of 0.4370.75 mg/L (n ¼ 48), which were predominated by two-and three-ring PAHs. The SPAH concentrations in sediments ranged from 8 to 356 ng/g-dry weight with the mean value of 80.6731.8 ng/g (n ¼ 48). Three-and four-ring PAHs including phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene were the dominant species in sediment samples. High contents of PAHs were found in the estuary of the river and in the vicinity of industrial areas. Ratios of specific PAH compounds including phenanthrene/ anthracene (Phe/Ant), fluoranthene/pyrene (FL/Pyr), chrysene/benzo[a] anthracene (Chr/BaA), low-molecular-weight PAH/high-molecular-weight PAH (LPAH/HPAH) were calculated to evaluate the possible sources of PAH contamination. These ratios reflect a mixed pattern of pyrolytic and petrogenic inputs of PAHs in Gao-ping River. The petrogenic PAHs may be mainly from the leakage of crude oil and the refined products from urban vehicle traffic, while the pyrolytic PAH input is located in the proximity near the mouth of estuary of the River. The PCA analysis confirmed that petrochemical industrial parks located in the vicinity of estuary of Gao-ping River might be the possible source for the PAH input. r
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009
Fifty-seven surface sediment samples were collected from the coast of southwest Taiwan and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of total PAHs (28 PAH compounds) ranged from 15 to 907 ng g À1 dry weight. Diagnostic ratios showed that PAHs in the sediments of the Gaoping estuary were predominantly of petroleum origin, whereas sediments from the Kaohsiung coast contained principally combustion-derived PAHs. Principal component analysis indicated that emissions from automobiles and coal burning were the main sources of combustion-derived PAHs. The relatively high ratios of perylene/penta-aromatic PAH isomers in sediments from the Tainan coast and some off-shore stations on the Kaohsiung coast suggest a significant diagenetic PAH contribution. The study shows that certain diagnostic ratios are useful and sensitive in delineating the distribution of PAHs from specific sources in southwest Taiwan. The phenanthrene/anthracene ratio is a better indicator than the methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene ratio for tracing petrogenic PAHs, and the benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene/benzo(g,h,i)perylene ratios are more specific than the benzo(a)pyrene/benzo(e)pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthcene/benzo(k)fluoranthcene ratios in distinguishing PAHs from various pyrogenic sources.