A psychosocial approach to smoking prevention for urban black youth (original) (raw)
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Public Health Reports
Despite the high rates of smoking-related cancers among black Americans, little is known about the type of smoking prevention program that might be effective with black youth. The current study pilot-tested a promising smoking prevention approach to determine its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness. A total of 608 students in nine predominantly black urban junior high schools were stratified by community and randomly assigned to treatment and control conditions. Students in the treatment condition participated in a 12-session smoking prevention program which taught resistance skills and general life skills. Process data indicated that this prevention approach was feasible and acceptable to students, teachers, and administrators. Outcome data indicated that this program reduced the proportion of children who smoked in the past month by 56 percent, and it increased knowledge of the adverse consequences of smoking and normative expectations concerning adult and peer smoking. ...
Smoking prevention among urban minority youth: Assessing effects on outcome and mediating variables
Health Psychology, 1992
We tested rhc cft'cctivcncss of a social rcsistancclcompc~cnu: cnhanccmcnl approach to smoking prcvcntion among predominantly I lispmicscvcnth ~radcrs (N= 3.153) lrom 47 New York City schools. hfccr blockily on schwl typc @ublic and parochi:~l) and ethnic con~posilion @rent Ilispanic), schools were randomly arsignd cithcr to rcccivc the 15-mion prevention program or to wrvc as no-conL~ct cnnlrols. Using Lhc school as lhc unit of analysis, signiliunt program cffccu were lound lor cigarcue smoking, normative cxpxwtions concerning p.cr md adult smoking. smoking prevalcncc knowledge, social aaxpubiliry knowledge. and lcnowlcdgc 01 smoking conqucnws. Using suuccural madcling techniques, a signifiwnt relation wu lound bccwecn Lhc normative expectation and knowledge variablcs affected by the intervention and posttest smoking, su~ating bat chaogc; on 1hc.w variablcs mcdiatcd the impct 01 thz intcrvcnlion on cigarette smoking. Ihis scudy extends Lhc rcsulu of prcviou prevention rcscarch and dcmonsuala the gcncraliwbiliry of m his approach to prwlonlinanu y t Iispanic urban minority students.
International quarterly of community health education
To carry out a community-based research approach to determine the most effective educational interventions to reduce smoking among African-American smokers. The intervention included preparation of the community, planning and developing a model of change, and developing a community-based intervention. The study population consisted of 2,544 randomly selected adult African-American smokers residing in four sites in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the United States. The research design provided a comparison of active intervention sites with passive control sites as well as low income and moderate income areas. Point prevalence of non-smoking at the time of interview; Period prevalence of non-smoking at the time of interview; Period prevalence of quit attempts in the prior six months; Number of smoke-free days in the prior six months; Number of cigarettes smoked daily at the time of interview. Based upon a survey eighteen months after baseline data was collected, all four me...
Qualitative development of smoking prevention programming for minority youth
Addictive Behaviors, 1996
Brief discussion groups were completed with 211 predominantly African American and Latin0 seventh graders to investigate reasons for adolescent smoking and perceived efficacious smoking prevention program strategies. Study data consisted of audiotaped group discussions, which were content-coded, and open-ended posttest responses. The results indicated that, through use of relatively nondirected methods, reasons for smoking and smoking prevention methods generated by African American and Latin0 youth were similar to those popularly endorsed by white youths in previous research. Perhaps, optimal program contents are similar across ethnic groups. Still, one may speculate that identification with and diffusion of prevention messages may be maximized if they demonstrate cultural relevancy.
A Comprehensive School-Based Smoking Prevention Program
Journal of School Health, 1980
Eighth, ninth and tenth graders (N= 281) from two schools in suburban New York participated in a study to test the efficacy of a 10-session comprehensivepsychosocial smoking prevention program. Schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions. All students were given a pretest, posttest and three-month follow-up which assessed smoking behavior as well as knowledge and personality variables. There were sign~'icantIy fewer new "smokers" in the experimental school than in the control school at both the initial posttest (p < .Of) and the three-month followup (p . .O5) along with significantly greater changes on some of the knowledge and personality variables. Overall, these results support the use of a smoking prevention strategy that focuses on the main psychosocial factors promoting the onset of cigarette smoking by teaching students basic coping skills.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2009
A school-based environmental program to reduce adolescent smoking was conducted in 20 schools (10 intervention; 10 control) in south central Louisiana. The 9 th grade cohort (n = 4,763; mean age = 15.4 yrs; 51% female; 61% Caucasian; 30-day smoking prevalence at baseline = 25%) was followed over four years for 30-day smoking prevalence with the school as the unit of analysis. Although prevalence decreased in intervention schools and increased in control schools in Year 2 the significant difference between the two groups at baseline was not overcome by the intervention and increases in prevalence were observed in both groups in Years 3 and 4. The higher the percentage of white students in a school the higher the prevalence rates regardless of intervention/control status. Boys' and girls' smoking rates were similar. These outcome data, student feedback
Correlates and predictors of smoking among black adolescents
Addictive Behaviors, 1992
Little is known about the etiology of cigarette smoking among minority populations. This study examines the correlates and predictors of smoking among inner-city black seventh graders (N = 608). Enhanced self-reports of cigarette smoking were collected along with data concerning demographic, social, and psychological factors hypothesized to promote smoking initiation. Results indicate that social environmental factors, such as the smoking status of friends and siblings, and individual factors, such as refusal assertiveness. general assertiveness, and age are predictive of current smoking. Similarly, the smoking status of friends. attitudes concerning the harmful effects of xnoking, and low self-esteem concerning school are predictive ofbehavioral intention to smoke in the future. Overall. the factors that were the most salient predictors of smoking for the black adolescents in this study are generally congruent with the existing literature for other populations.