Drug Utilisation Pattern in Pregnancy in a Tertiary Hospital in Sokoto, North West (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Development , 2019
Drugs prescribed in pregnancy may diffuse across the placenta to the foetus thereby posing risk of teratogenicity. The rational use of drugs in pregnancy is paramount. The general objective of the study was to assess the pattern of drug utilization in pregnant women who attended antenatal outpatient department in Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State (FETHA). A validated proforma was used to retrospectively retrieve information on drugs prescribed from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2017 using the World Health Organization/International Network for the Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) core prescribing indicators. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics using the IBM SPSS version 25. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State (FETHA) prior to conducting the study. A total of 1036 prescriptions were utilized, drawn from 415 patient folders. The mean age of the subjects was 30.66 ± 5.17. Most of the patients had tertiary education (82.6%) and were civil servants (46.6%). Patients' obstetrics history showed that about a fifth (20.2%) were primigravid and a tenth (9.9%), in their first trimester. Abdominal/muscle pains (7.9%), upper respiratory tract infections (7.7%) and malaria (7.3%) occurred most frequently. Haematinics (45.3%) were the most prescribed drugs while amoxicillin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic (36.0%). The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.2. The percentage of encounters with an antibiotic and an injection prescribed were 12.9% and 0.96% respectively. Only 40.5% of the drugs were prescribed by their generic names. The average number of drugs per encounter was above the WHO/INRUD reference value. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from the essential drugs list or hospital formulary were less than 100%. Antibiotics and injections were not frequently prescribed. More efforts are needed to encourage rational prescribing, prescribing by generic name and the availability of drugs in the essential drugs list.
PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF DRUGS IN DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Objective: To analyze the prescribing pattern of the drugs in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Pharmacy, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Puducherry. Three hundred and thirty four prescriptions from Obstetrics & Gynaecology outpatient department were collected and analyzed. The study duration was three months (July-August 2014). The prescriptions were analyzed using World Health Organization core prescribing indicators. Results: A total of 392 prescriptions were assessed and 739 drugs were prescribed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.89. The total of number of drugs prescribed by generic name was 166 (22.46%). Out of the 392 prescriptions, 113 prescriptions (28.83%) had an antibiotic prescribed in them. An injection was prescribed in 23 prescriptions (5.87%). 641 drugs (86.74%) prescribed were on the essential drug list 2014 of India. The most commonly prescribed drugs were iron + folic acid (20.16%) and calcium + Vitamin D (16.64%). Most commonly prescribed antibiotics are clotrimazole and clindamycin combination (24.09%) and albendazole (15.33%). Conclusion: The average number of drugs per prescription was 1.89 and most drugs are prescribed by brand names. Introduction: Irrational prescribing is a global problem. Bad prescribing habits lead to ineffective and unsafe
Comparative Study of Prescribing Practices in Two Tertiary Care Hospitals
Worldwide, it is estimated that over half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately, and that half of all patients fail to take their medicine correctly. Measuring drug use is a requirement for improving drug use either at the individual facility or national level. Much work has been done by World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network on Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) in providing tools for such measurements. The main objective of this work was to document and compare prescribing patterns in two teaching hospitals in Lagos State using WHO/INRUD developed indicators. The survey was conducted in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) and the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Prescriptions were sampled in both facilities and data required to document prescribing patterns collected. A total of 933 prescriptions were surveyed. Results obtained revealed that in the two facilities the average drugs used per encounter was 3.55, generic prescribing was less than 50% and encounters with antibiotics are high. On analysis, statistically significant differences existed on average number of drugs prescribed, use of generic nomenclature, percentage antibiotic use and percentage injection use in the two facilities. Long-term, intensive interventions should be carried out to ensure rational use of drugs in these facilities that are centers of excellence in medical and pharmaceutical care.
Drug Prescription Pattern in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2012
Purpose: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of clinicians in the general outpatient unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH),. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted using 500 prescriptions made at the general outpatient unit of AKTH between April and July 2009. Results: A total of 497 prescriptions were successfully analyzed. The average number of drugs per encounter in the facility was 3.04. Generic prescribing was low at 42.7 % while antibiotic prescription was high at 34.4 %. Injections were prescribed in 4 % of encounters while 36.2, 19.1, 25.8 and 1 % of encounters had analgesics, antimalarials, antihypertensives and anxiolytics prescribed, respectively. Vitamins were prescribed in 9.7 % of encounters. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, low rate of generic prescriptions and overuse of antibiotics still remain a problem in health care facilities in Nigeria.. This calls for sustained interventional strategies and periodic audit at all levels of health care to avoid the negative consequences of inappropriate prescriptions.
Research Article Drug Prescription Pattern in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
2011
Purpose: To evaluate the prescribing pattern of clinicians in the general outpatient unit of the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH),. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted using 500 prescriptions made at the general outpatient unit of AKTH between April and July 2009. Results: A total of 497 prescriptions were successfully analyzed. The average number of drugs per encounter in the facility was 3.04. Generic prescribing was low at 42.7 % while antibiotic prescription was high at 34.4 %. Injections were prescribed in 4 % of encounters while 36.2, 19.1, 25.8 and 1 % of encounters had analgesics, antimalarials, antihypertensives and anxiolytics prescribed, respectively. Vitamins were prescribed in 9.7 % of encounters. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, low rate of generic prescriptions and overuse of antibiotics still remain a problem in health care facilities in Nigeria.. This calls for sustained interventional strategies and periodic audit at all levels of health...
Prescribing practices in two health care facilities in Warri, Southern Nigeria: A comparative study
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical …, 2003
Purpose: Inappropriate prescribing has been identified in many health facilities in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prescribing practices in two health care facilities in Warri located in south-south geopolitical region of Nigeria and identify factors influencing the practices. Method: WHO Prescribing Indicators were applied to evaluate 2000 prescription records, retrospectively, from a private and a public hospital in Warri. Factors influencing the prescribing practices in the facilities were identified through informal interviews of 10 prescribers in the facilities. Using a self-administered questionnaire administered to 40 prescribers in the facilities, we also evaluated the order of importance of the factors affecting drug prescribing. Results: Average number of drugs per encounter in the health facilities is 3.4 (3.9 in the public hospital and 2.8 in the private hospital). Generic prescribing was generally low (54% in the public hospital and 16% in the private hospital) while the percentage of encounters with antibiotics prescribed was high (75% in the public hospital and 55% in the private hospital). Antimalarials, antihypertensives, antidiarrhoeals and analgesics accounted for 47.4%, 7.5%, 1.0% and 18.2%, respectively. The overuse of drugs and generic prescribing were significantly lower in the private hospital than in the public hospital. Major factors influencing prescribing practices included drug availability, clinician's level of training, cost of drugs, feedback from patients and socio-economic status of patients. Conclusion: Polypharmacy, overuse of antibiotics and low rate generic prescribing still occur in the health facilities studied. Drug availability, clinician's level of training, cost of drugs, feedback from patients and socio-economic status of patients are major factors influencing prescribing in the facilities.
Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 2015
Background: Rational prescribing is a primary step to ensure rational drug use. Often, half of the medicines are prescribed irrationally and half of these are even used incorrectly as the patients fail to take their medicines appropriately. The aim of this research was to evaluate drug-prescribing patterns of four hospitals in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between May 15 and June 25, 2014, to evaluate the drug-prescribing patterns based on the World health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. The prescription papers, kept for the last 1 year in the outpatient departments of the four hospitals, were analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Also, prescriptions in the hospitals were analyzed to determine the most frequently prescribed drugs. All the statistical calculations were performed using SPSS ® version 20.0 software. Results and discussion: The average number of drugs per prescription ranges from 1.82±0.90 to 2.28±0.90, whereas the percentage of use of antibiotics and injections ranged from 46.7 to 85 and 15 to 61.7, respectively. The average percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and from the essential drugs list were 95.8 and 94.1, respectively. Anti-infective and analgesic drugs are found to be the most frequently prescribed medicines. In terms of polypharmacy, there was a slight deviation in prescribing patterns from what is acceptable according to the WHO criteria. Prescribing by generic name and from essential drug list was almost optimal. There was a significant deviation in the use of injectables in two of the four hospitals (50%), whereas their use in the other two hospitals was within the acceptable range. The use of antibiotics in all the hospitals in present study was higher than the acceptable range. Conclusion: Generally, it seems that there is need for improvement of the prescribing patterns in the hospitals, although this should be consolidated with further studies to link the patient diagnosis and the prescribed medications.
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2007
Purpose Assessment of drug use patterns with World Health Organization (WHO) Drug Use Indicators is becoming increasingly necessary towards promoting rational drug use in the developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the drug prescription pattern at the Medical Outpatient Clinic (MOP), University College Hospital, Ibadan, using some WHO core drug use indicators. Methods One thousand four hundred and forty-seven patient encounters were reviewed prospectively over a 2-month period. Data were collected from patient case files immediately following consultation in each of the seven subspecialty clinics at the MOP. Prescribed medications were then reviewed for some drug use indicators including cost of medications. Cost was based on the current hospital pharmacy drug-pricing list. Results One thousand three hundred and seven (90.3%) prescriptions from 1447 patient encounters were reviewed. One hundred and forty (9.7%) encounters did not have prescriptions written out. The overall average number of drugs prescribed was 3.2 AE 1.47. Average percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 49.5% AE 31.2, while average percentage of drugs prescribed from the hospital essential drug list was 96% AE 14.0. The average cost of medications to patients/day was N ¼ ¼ 126.0 AE 136.0 approximately $0.9 (USD). Results varied between subspecialties. Conclusion The low percentage prescription of drugs by their generic name is responsible for the high cost of drugs to patients. Drug use studies are a necessary tool for assessing prescribing patterns in hospitals, recognizing areas for improvement and improving drug prescribing practices in these facilities.
Prescription pattern at a secondary health care facility in Ilorin, Nigeria
Annals of African Medicine, 2007
Background/Objectives: Expenditures due to irrational use of drugs have been a strain on the meagre health budgets of several developing countries and inappropriate prescribing has been identified in many health facilities in developing countries. This study examines the prescription pattern in a secondary health facility. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was used in this study. Three hundred and three randomly selected prescriptions issued to patients attending out-patients' clinics in the facility over a period of three months were examined. Data obtained was analyzed using EPI-INFO 2000 computer software. Results: Mean number of drugs per prescription in the health facility is 3.99 ± 1.55. At least 4 drugs were prescribed in 61.6% of the prescriptions. Generic prescribing was generally low. Out of a total of 1219 drugs prescribed 511 (41.9%) were prescribed in generic names. Analgesics, antimalarials, antibiotics and antihypertensives accounted for 19.7%, 10.2%, 13.0% and 4.9% of the drugs prescribed respectively. Only 124 (40.9%) of the prescriptions had all drugs prescribed available in the health facility. Conclusion: This study found practice of polypharmacy prevalent as found in other studies in developing countries among prescribers and prescription in generic names is low. Regular orientation and re-orientation of prescribers on rational drug prescription and prescription in generic names in conformity with national drug policies is necessary.
2013
Worldwide, it is estimated that over half of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed or sold inappropriately, and that half of all patients fail to take their medicine correctly. Measuring drug use is a requirement for improving drug use either at the individual facility or national level. Much work has been done by World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Network on Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) in providing tools for such measurements. The main objective of this work was to document and compare prescribing patterns in two teaching hospitals in Lagos State using WHO/INRUD developed indicators. The survey was conducted in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) and the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH). Prescriptions were sampled in both facilities and data required to document prescribing patterns collected. A total of 933 prescriptions were surveyed. Results obtained revealed that in the two facilities the average drugs used per encounter was 3.5...