The Tonal Phonology and Phonetics of the Future Negative in Loka"a"∗ ∗ ∗ (original) (raw)

Lee Bickmore, ,Chilungu Phonology (2007) CSLI Publications, University of Chicago Press,Stanford

2009

Cilungu Phonology provides a comprehensive description of the intricate and diverse tone system of Cilungu, a Bantu language of Zambia classified as M14 in Guthrie's (1967Guthrie's ( -1971 Bantu classification. An asset of this work for which the author must be commended is that it provides a thorough and fully worked out tone system of a particular language in contrast to fragments of tonal systems abounding in the Bantu literature.

ON THE INTERACTION OF PHONOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY: A CHI-MWI:NI EXAMPLE

In the present note we discuss a problem in linguistic description located at the interface between morphology and morphophonemics. Some possible descriptions of the data eure presented, cind their relative merits briefly analyzed. The data appear to us to be sufficiently interesting to weirrant examination, even though at the present time the proper description of the data remains open to question.

“Morphology in phonology ” edited by Jesús Jiménez and Maria-Rosa Lloret)

2013

Consonant cluster reduction, illustrated with an English example in (1), is one of several types of process by which the number of output segments deviates from the number of input segments. A parallel process involving vowels is apocope, as in French l’état [leta] ‘the state’ /l� / ‘the ’ + /eta / ‘state ’ *[l�eta].

Leteh verbal morphology and inflectional affixes

MERCY AKROFI ANSAH, 2022

The paper describes how verb stems in Lɛtɛ 1 , (Kwa: Ghana) inflect for grammatical categories of tense/aspect, person, negation, mood and motion by employing prefixes. Studies of this nature have been documented with respect to related Kwa languages (Ameka & Kropp-Dakubu, 2008), but no such study has been published on Lɛtɛ, an under-documented language, hence the significance of this paper. Verbal prefixes which are employed to mark the categories include the future morpheme, /bÈ-/; the progressive marker, /dÉ-/; the perfect aspect prefix, /yÈÉ-/; and for negation, the prefix/ bÉ-/. Similarly, other verbal prefixes are used to signal person, mood and motion. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the influence of the [+/-ATR] vowel harmony principles; homorganic assimilation, and the phonological structure of the verb stem on the surface representation of the prefixes. Data for the study are drawn from a database of Lɛtɛ verb lists and folktales recorded in the speech community by the author, and supplemented with elicitations. The paper adds novel data to the existing literature on the function of verbal affixes in marking inflectional categories in Kwa languages in particular, and the world's languages in general.

Lhowa phonology: A typological perspective

Lhowa, an undescribed Central Bodish language spoken in Nepal, exhibits a large inventory of phonemes. It has forty-one consonant phonemes. In terms of points/places of articulation, it contains seven types of consonants, viz., labial, dental, alveolar, retroflex, palatal, velar and glottal. Likewise, in terms of manner of articulation, it presents seven types of consonants, viz., stops, nasals, affricates, fricatives, trills, laterals and approximants. In terms of voicing, there are two types of consonant phonemes, viz., voiceless and voiced whereas in terms of aspiration there are two types of consonants, viz., aspirated and unaspirated. It also contains lateral and retroflex fricatives. Lhowa contains voiceless unaspirated, voiceless aspirated, voiced murmured and voiceless murmured. It exhibits distinct consonant distribution and clusters. Lhowa has eight primary and two secondary vowel phonemes (viz., front rounded vowels). The primary vowel phonemes present oppositions in terms of height, front-back positions and breathiness. It lacks the contrastive length. Breathy vowels can occur only word-finally. Lhowa may be classified as average in terms of consonant-vowel ratio. There are four diphthongs in Lhowa. It displays a moderately complex syllable structure. It presents a canonical structure of the syllable in which V (i.e., nucleus) is obligatory and other constituents, (C i , initial consonant), (X, voiced palatal approximant), and (C f , final consonant) are optional. Lhowa admits only six types of syllable patterns. In Lhowa, each syllable is intrinsically high or low. It exhibits a simple tone system. The high vs. low tone is distinguished only on the first syllable of a word. In Lhowa, like in Lhasa Tibetan, compound words and certain derived and inflected verb forms demonstrate four types of tone melodies, viz., HH (high followed by high), LH (low followed by high), LL (low followed by low) and HL (high tone followed by low). Stress is not distinctive whereas intonation is meaning differentiating in Lhowa.

Two Lectures on Prosodic Morphology

1994

This document contains handouts and transcripts (prepared from a contemporaneous tape recording) of two lectures presented at the OTS/HIL Workshop on Prosodic Morphology, held at the University of Utrecht, June 22-24, 1994. We are grateful to the participants in the Workshop and to the organizers, René Kager, Harry van der Hulst, and Wim Zonneveld. The article "Reduplicative Identity" is an exploration of some of the points raised in the second lecture.